Articles | Volume 16, issue 20
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-5931-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-5931-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Model evaluation paper
| 
20 Oct 2023
Model evaluation paper |
| 20 Oct 2023
| 20 Oct 2023
Evaluation of vertically resolved longwave radiation in SPARTACUS-Urban 0.7.3 and the sensitivity to urban surface temperatures
Megan A. Stretton
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, UK
William Morrison
Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, UK
Chair of Environmental Meteorology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
Robin J. Hogan
Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, UK
European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, UK
Sue Grimmond
Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, UK
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Zhipeng Qu, Cuong Nguyen, Paloma Borque, Alexei Korolev, Howard W. Barker, Keyvan Ranjbar, Lei Liu, Zen Mariani, Meriem Kacimi, Melissa Cholette, Ivan Heckman, Kenny Bala, Natalia Bliankinshtein, Leonid Nichman, Benjamin Riot-Bretêcher, Yi Huang, Jason N. S. Cole, Raphaël Peroni, Stephen Holden, Robert Reed, Robert Crawford, Daniel Michelson, Eve Bigras, Michael Wheeler, John Gyakum, Jason A. Milbrandt, Julie M. Thériault, Kaley A. Walker, Mengistu Wolde, Jean-Pierre Blanchet, Yann Blanchard, Jonas von Bismark, Rob Koopman, Montserrat Piñol Solé, Bernat Puigdomènech Treserras, Robin J. Hogan, and Shannon L. Mason
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-5347, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-5347, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (AMT).
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The ECALOT campaign brought together aircraft and ground-based observations in the Ottawa–Montreal region to help evaluate the European Space Agency’s EarthCARE satellite, which studies clouds, aerosols, radiation, and their interactions. By comparing satellite measurements with multi-platform remote-sensing and in situ observations collected during the campaign, ECALOT provides an integrated approach to evaluating EarthCARE products at different stages of the data processing chain.
Robin J. Hogan, Bernat Puigdomenech Treserras, Shannon L. Mason, Alexei Korolev, Zhipeng Qu, Kamil Mroz, David P. Donovan, Pavlos Kollias, and Mark D. Fielding
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-5054, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-5054, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (AMT).
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The EarthCARE satellite carries advanced instruments that allow it to accurately infer vertical profiles of the properties of ice clouds, important for understanding their role in the climate system. Here we use detailed observations from meteorological research aircraft flying underneath the satellite to evaluate EarthCARE’s estimates of the mass of ice in the clouds, the average particle size, and even how fast the air is rising and falling within the cloud due to atmospheric gravity waves.
Alohotsy Rafalimanana, Thomas Lauvaux, Charbel Abdallah, Mali Chariot, Michel Ramonet, Josselin Doc, Olivier Laurent, Morgan Lopez, Anja Raznjevic, Maarten Krol, Leena Järvi, Andreas Christen, Dana Looschelders, Leslie David, Olivier Sanchez, Laura Bignotti, Benjamin Loubet, Sue Grimmond, and William Morrison
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-2581, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-2581, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
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Using WRF-Chem simulations over Greater Paris at resolutions from 900 m to 100 m (LES), we show that horizontal resolution critically shapes urban CO2 plume structure. Mesoscale runs underestimate spatial contrasts by a factor of 2–3, with representativeness errors of 29–61 % (near-surface) and 21–59 % (XCO2). LES improves intra-urban variability and enables more accurate spatial attribution of emissions, a key step toward reliable top-down estimates for city-scale climate mitigation.
Paolo Andreozzi, Mark D. Fielding, Robin J. Hogan, Richard M. Forbes, Adrian A. Hill, Samuel Rémy, Birger Bohn, and Ulrich Löhnert
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 11309–11338, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-11309-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-11309-2026, 2026
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Aerosols significantly contribute to the Earth’s climate, but models still struggle to represent them. Here we use satellite observations of clouds to constrain aerosol processes in a weather and air-quality model. We show that African wildfires lead to overly bright simulated clouds and that the model removes too much aerosol in mixed-phase clouds. This demonstrates how cloud observations can target weakly constrained aerosol processes, with potential benefits for weather and climate modelling.
Dana Looschelders, Andreas Christen, Sue Grimmond, Simone Kotthaus, and William Morrison
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-2444, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-2444, 2026
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Using seven automatic lidar-ceilometers located on a 105 km transect in the Paris region, we investigate modifications of the mixed-layer height (MLH) dynamics. Over and downwind of Paris, MLHs are deeper and grow faster during the morning transition. In summer, the spatial extent of urban effects (> 60 km downwind) and absolute MLH spatial differences are larger. In winter, relative MLH differences are larger. The MLH is deeper in the city at the start of the morning transition.
Alohotsy Rafalimanana, Thomas Lauvaux, Charbel Abdallah, Mali Chariot, Michel Ramonet, Josselin Doc, Olivier Laurent, Morgan Lopez, Anja Raznjevic, Maarten Krol, Leena Järvi, Andreas Christen, Dana Looschelders, Leslie David, Olivier Sanchez, Laura Bignotti, Benjamin Loubet, Sue Grimmond, and William Morrison
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-2109, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-2109, 2026
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This study explores how city design and buildings affect CO2 levels in the air over Paris. Using a transport model, we tested different urban canopy models to represent the city environment and its influence on air motion. We found that realistic descriptions of urban surfaces are crucial, especially in winter, for accurately showing how CO2 builds up and disperses, leading to better satellite monitoring of city CO2 emissions.
Johanna Mayer, Daniele Gasbarra, Robin J. Hogan, Edward Malina, Shannon Mason, and Blanka Piskala Gvozdikova
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3000, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3000, 2026
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We investigate transitions from closed to open stratocumulus cells using synergistic observations from the EarthCARE and GOES satellites. Microphysical changes and increasing rain up to ~25 hours before transitions support a precipitation-driven pathway. These findings provide new observational constraints on the processes driving stratocumulus breakup and its radiative impact.
Benedict Pery, Helen Brindley, Jonathan Murray, Sophie Mosselmans, Sanjeevani Panditharatne, Laura Warwick, Robin Hogan, Yi Huang, Benjamin Riot-Bretêcher, Hilke Oetjen, Dirk Schuettemeyer, and Tristan L'Ecuyer
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-2443, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-2443, 2026
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The Polar Radiant Energy in the Far-InfraRed Experiment (PREFIRE) satellite mission measures the Earth in a rarely measured part of the electromagnetic spectrum. To build confidence in these new measurements, we test them with an experiment observing the same atmosphere as PREFIRE but from the ground. We find that the PREFIRE measurements agree with what we expect from our ground-based observations, with some unexplained differences needing further study.
Yuya Takane, Yukihiro Kikegawa, Zhiwen Luo, Hiroyuki Kusaka, and Sue Grimmond
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1307, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1307, 2026
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We developed and released the single-layer urban canopy model coupled with building energy model v2. This incorporates a new scheme enabling dynamic changes in indoor temperature. This allows the model to be applied not only to air-conditioned conditions but also to non-air-conditioned scenarios, making it applicable to all seasons and cities worldwide. This upgrade facilitates the assessment of climate change adaptation measures for both outdoor and indoor environments.
Michael Kahnert, Melanie Ades, Mickaël Bacles, Johannes Flemming, Vincent Guidard, Alexander Haefele, Robin J. Hogan, Samuel Rémy, and Eric Sauvageat
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-6077, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-6077, 2026
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The Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) provides quality-controlled information related to air quality and health. We explore the possibility to constrain the CAMS global forecasting model by use of ground-based observations of laser light backscattered by particulate matter. We find that the vertical distribution of particulate matter can be predicted more faithfully with this approach, which can have implications for air quality forecasts provided by CAMS to end users.
Tiancheng Ma, Denise Hertwig, Megan McGrory, Matthew Paskin, and Sue Grimmond
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-6060, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-6060, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Geoscientific Model Development (GMD).
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Transport impacts emissions (heat, pollutants), which needs to be represented in high-resolution urban models. We introduce the transport model MATSDA and evaluate its route finding for car journeys in London, UK. The model shows high skill at identifying major travel corridors and associated travel durations, capturing day type and time-of-day dependency (rush-hour v. off-peak). MATSDA offers dynamic human movement patterns for transport research in the context of urban climate modelling.
Russell H. Glazer, Sue Grimmond, Lewis Blunn, Daniel Fenner, Humphrey Lean, Andreas Christen, Will Morrison, Dana Looschelders, and Jonathan K. P. Shonk
Weather Clim. Dynam., 6, 1723–1742, https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-6-1723-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-6-1723-2025, 2025
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In this study we use very high resolution numerical weather prediction model simulations of the Berlin, Germany region along with assessment of field campaign observations to understand better the impact of urban areas on the near-surface boundary layer. We find that there a clear affect of urban areas up to 15 km downwind of the city centre in both the field campaign observations and the high resolution model.
William Morrison, Dana Looschelders, Jonnathan Céspedes, Bernie Claxton, Marc-Antoine Drouin, Jean-Charles Dupont, Aurélien Faucheux, Martial Haeffelin, Christopher C. Holst, Simone Kotthaus, Valéry Masson, James McGregor, Jeremy Price, Matthias Zeeman, Sue Grimmond, and Andreas Christen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 6507–6529, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-6507-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-6507-2025, 2025
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We conducted research using sophisticated wind sensors to better understand wind patterns in Paris. By installing these sensors across the city, we gathered detailed data on wind speeds and directions from 2022 to 2024. This information helps improve weather and climate models, making them more accurate for city environments. Our findings offer valuable insights for scientists studying urban air and weather, improving predictions and understanding of city-scale atmospheric processes.
Kaah P. Menang, Stefan A. Buehler, Lukas Kluft, Robin J. Hogan, and Florian E. Roemer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 11689–11701, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-11689-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-11689-2025, 2025
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We investigated the impact of the shortwave water vapour continuum absorption on clear-sky shortwave radiative feedback. For current temperatures, the impact is modest (<2%). In a warmer world, continuum-induced uncertainty in estimated feedback would be up to ~5%. Representing continuum absorption with the widely used semi-empirical model in radiative transfer calculations leads to an underestimation of this feedback. Constraining the shortwave continuum will help reduce these discrepancies.
Nimra Iqbal, Marvin Ravan, Zina Mitraka, Joern Birkmann, Sue Grimmond, Denise Hertwig, Nektarios Chrysoulakis, Giorgos Somarakis, Angela Wendnagel-Beck, and Emmanouil Panagiotakis
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 2481–2502, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-2481-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-2481-2025, 2025
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This work deepens the understanding of how perceived heat stress, human vulnerability (e.g. age, income) and adaptive capacities (e.g. green, shaded spaces) are coupled with urban structures. The results show that perceived heat stress decreases with distance from the urban center, however, human vulnerability and adaptive capacities depend more strongly on inner variations and differences between urban structures. Planning policies and adaptation strategies should account for these differences.
Howard W. Barker, Jason N. S. Cole, Najda Villefranque, Zhipeng Qu, Almudena Velázquez Blázquez, Carlos Domenech, Shannon L. Mason, and Robin J. Hogan
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 3095–3107, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-3095-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-3095-2025, 2025
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Measurements made by three instruments aboard EarthCARE are used to retrieve estimates of cloud and aerosol properties. A radiative closure assessment of these retrievals is performed by the ACMB-DF processor. Radiative transfer models acting on retrieved information produce broadband radiances commensurate with measurements made by EarthCARE’s broadband radiometer. Measured and modelled radiances for small domains are compared, and the likelihood of them differing by 10 W m2 defines the closure.
Jean-François Grailet, Robin J. Hogan, Nicolas Ghilain, David Bolsée, Xavier Fettweis, and Marilaure Grégoire
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 1965–1988, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-1965-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-1965-2025, 2025
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The MAR (Modèle Régional Atmosphérique) is a regional climate model used for weather forecasting and studying the climate over various regions. This paper presents an update of MAR thanks to which it can precisely decompose solar radiation, in particular in the UV (ultraviolet) and photosynthesis ranges, both being critical to human health and ecosystems. As a first application of this new capability, this paper presents a method for predicting UV indices with MAR.
Robert Schoetter, Robin James Hogan, Cyril Caliot, and Valéry Masson
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 405–431, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-405-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-405-2025, 2025
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Radiation is relevant to the atmospheric impact on people and infrastructure in cities as it can influence the urban heat island, building energy consumption, and human thermal comfort. A new urban radiation model, assuming a more realistic form of urban morphology, is coupled to the urban climate model Town Energy Balance (TEB). The new TEB is evaluated with a reference radiation model for a variety of urban morphologies, and an improvement in the simulated radiative observables is found.
Matthias Zeeman, Andreas Christen, Sue Grimmond, Daniel Fenner, William Morrison, Gregor Feigel, Markus Sulzer, and Nektarios Chrysoulakis
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 13, 393–424, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-13-393-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-13-393-2024, 2024
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This study presents an overview of a data system for documenting, processing, managing, and publishing data streams from research networks of atmospheric and environmental sensors of varying complexity in urban environments. Our solutions aim to deliver resilient, near-time data using freely available software.
Johannes Röttenbacher, André Ehrlich, Hanno Müller, Florian Ewald, Anna E. Luebke, Benjamin Kirbus, Robin J. Hogan, and Manfred Wendisch
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8085–8104, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8085-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8085-2024, 2024
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Weather prediction models simplify the physical processes related to light scattering by clouds consisting of complex ice crystals. Whether these simplifications are the cause for uncertainties in their prediction can be evaluated by comparing them with measurement data. Here we do this for Arctic ice clouds over sea ice using airborne measurements from two case studies. The model performs well for thick ice clouds but not so well for thin ones. This work can be used to improve the model.
Robin J. Hogan, Anthony J. Illingworth, Pavlos Kollias, Hajime Okamoto, and Ulla Wandinger
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 3081–3083, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-3081-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-3081-2024, 2024
Hanno Müller, André Ehrlich, Evelyn Jäkel, Johannes Röttenbacher, Benjamin Kirbus, Michael Schäfer, Robin J. Hogan, and Manfred Wendisch
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4157–4175, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4157-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4157-2024, 2024
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A weather model is used to compare solar radiation with measurements from an aircraft campaign in the Arctic. Model and observations agree on the downward radiation but show differences in the radiation reflected by the surface and the clouds, which in the model is too low above sea ice and too high above open ocean. The model–observation bias is reduced above open ocean by a realistic fraction of clouds and less cloud liquid water and above sea ice by less dark sea ice and more cloud droplets.
Shannon L. Mason, Howard W. Barker, Jason N. S. Cole, Nicole Docter, David P. Donovan, Robin J. Hogan, Anja Hünerbein, Pavlos Kollias, Bernat Puigdomènech Treserras, Zhipeng Qu, Ulla Wandinger, and Gerd-Jan van Zadelhoff
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 875–898, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-875-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-875-2024, 2024
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When the EarthCARE mission enters its operational phase, many retrieval data products will be available, which will overlap both in terms of the measurements they use and the geophysical quantities they report. In this pre-launch study, we use simulated EarthCARE scenes to compare the coverage and performance of many data products from the European Space Agency production model, with the intention of better understanding the relation between products and providing a compact guide to users.
Ting Sun, Hamidreza Omidvar, Zhenkun Li, Ning Zhang, Wenjuan Huang, Simone Kotthaus, Helen C. Ward, Zhiwen Luo, and Sue Grimmond
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 91–116, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-91-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-91-2024, 2024
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For the first time, we coupled a state-of-the-art urban land surface model – Surface Urban Energy and Water Scheme (SUEWS) – with the widely-used Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, creating an open-source tool that may benefit multiple applications. We tested our new system at two UK sites and demonstrated its potential by examining how human activities in various areas of Greater London influence local weather conditions.
Junxia Dou, Sue Grimmond, Shiguang Miao, Bei Huang, Huimin Lei, and Mingshui Liao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13143–13166, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13143-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13143-2023, 2023
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Multi-timescale variations in surface energy fluxes in a suburb of Beijing are analyzed using 16-month observations. Compared to previous suburban areas, this study site has larger seasonal variability in energy partitioning, and summer and winter Bowen ratios are at the lower and higher end of those at other suburban sites, respectively. Our analysis indicates that precipitation, irrigation, crop/vegetation growth activity, and land use/cover all play critical roles in energy partitioning.
Shannon L. Mason, Robin J. Hogan, Alessio Bozzo, and Nicola L. Pounder
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 3459–3486, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3459-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3459-2023, 2023
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We present a method for accurately estimating the contents and properties of clouds, snow, rain, and aerosols through the atmosphere, using the combined measurements of the radar, lidar, and radiometer instruments aboard the upcoming EarthCARE satellite, and evaluate the performance of the retrieval, using test scenes simulated from a numerical forecast model. When EarthCARE is in operation, these quantities and their estimated uncertainties will be distributed in a data product called ACM-CAP.
Peter Ukkonen and Robin J. Hogan
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 3241–3261, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-3241-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-3241-2023, 2023
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Climate and weather models suffer from uncertainties resulting from approximated processes. Solar and thermal radiation is one example, as it is computationally too costly to simulate precisely. This has led to attempts to replace radiation codes based on physical equations with neural networks (NNs) that are faster but uncertain. In this paper we use global weather simulations to demonstrate that a middle-ground approach of using NNs only to predict optical properties is accurate and reliable.
Abdanour Irbah, Julien Delanoë, Gerd-Jan van Zadelhoff, David P. Donovan, Pavlos Kollias, Bernat Puigdomènech Treserras, Shannon Mason, Robin J. Hogan, and Aleksandra Tatarevic
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 2795–2820, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2795-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2795-2023, 2023
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The Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR) and ATmospheric LIDar (ATLID) aboard the EarthCARE satellite are used to probe the Earth's atmosphere by measuring cloud and aerosol profiles. ATLID is sensitive to aerosols and small cloud particles and CPR to large ice particles, snowflakes and raindrops. It is the synergy of the measurements of these two instruments that allows a better classification of the atmospheric targets and the description of the associated products, which are the subject of this paper.
Joanna E. Dyson, Lisa K. Whalley, Eloise J. Slater, Robert Woodward-Massey, Chunxiang Ye, James D. Lee, Freya Squires, James R. Hopkins, Rachel E. Dunmore, Marvin Shaw, Jacqueline F. Hamilton, Alastair C. Lewis, Stephen D. Worrall, Asan Bacak, Archit Mehra, Thomas J. Bannan, Hugh Coe, Carl J. Percival, Bin Ouyang, C. Nicholas Hewitt, Roderic L. Jones, Leigh R. Crilley, Louisa J. Kramer, W. Joe F. Acton, William J. Bloss, Supattarachai Saksakulkrai, Jingsha Xu, Zongbo Shi, Roy M. Harrison, Simone Kotthaus, Sue Grimmond, Yele Sun, Weiqi Xu, Siyao Yue, Lianfang Wei, Pingqing Fu, Xinming Wang, Stephen R. Arnold, and Dwayne E. Heard
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5679–5697, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5679-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5679-2023, 2023
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The hydroxyl (OH) and closely coupled hydroperoxyl (HO2) radicals are vital for their role in the removal of atmospheric pollutants. In less polluted regions, atmospheric models over-predict HO2 concentrations. In this modelling study, the impact of heterogeneous uptake of HO2 onto aerosol surfaces on radical concentrations and the ozone production regime in Beijing in the summertime is investigated, and the implications for emissions policies across China are considered.
Mathew Lipson, Sue Grimmond, Martin Best, Winston T. L. Chow, Andreas Christen, Nektarios Chrysoulakis, Andrew Coutts, Ben Crawford, Stevan Earl, Jonathan Evans, Krzysztof Fortuniak, Bert G. Heusinkveld, Je-Woo Hong, Jinkyu Hong, Leena Järvi, Sungsoo Jo, Yeon-Hee Kim, Simone Kotthaus, Keunmin Lee, Valéry Masson, Joseph P. McFadden, Oliver Michels, Wlodzimierz Pawlak, Matthias Roth, Hirofumi Sugawara, Nigel Tapper, Erik Velasco, and Helen Claire Ward
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5157–5178, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5157-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5157-2022, 2022
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We describe a new openly accessible collection of atmospheric observations from 20 cities around the world, capturing 50 site years. The observations capture local meteorology (temperature, humidity, wind, etc.) and the energy fluxes between the land and atmosphere (e.g. radiation and sensible and latent heat fluxes). These observations can be used to improve our understanding of urban climate processes and to test the accuracy of urban climate models.
Will S. Drysdale, Adam R. Vaughan, Freya A. Squires, Sam J. Cliff, Stefan Metzger, David Durden, Natchaya Pingintha-Durden, Carole Helfter, Eiko Nemitz, C. Sue B. Grimmond, Janet Barlow, Sean Beevers, Gregor Stewart, David Dajnak, Ruth M. Purvis, and James D. Lee
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9413–9433, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9413-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9413-2022, 2022
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Measurements of NOx emissions are important for a good understanding of air quality. While there are many direct measurements of NOx concentration, there are very few measurements of its emission. Measurements of emissions provide constraints on emissions inventories and air quality models. This article presents measurements of NOx emission from the BT Tower in central London in 2017 and compares them with inventories, finding that they underestimate by a factor of ∼1.48.
Yiqing Liu, Zhiwen Luo, and Sue Grimmond
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4721–4735, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4721-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4721-2022, 2022
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Anthropogenic heat emission from buildings is important for atmospheric modelling in cities. The current building anthropogenic heat flux is simplified by building energy consumption. Our research proposes a novel approach to determine ‘real’ building anthropogenic heat emission from the changes in energy balance fluxes between occupied and unoccupied buildings. We hope to provide new insights into future parameterisations of building anthropogenic heat flux in urban climate models.
Hamidreza Omidvar, Ting Sun, Sue Grimmond, Dave Bilesbach, Andrew Black, Jiquan Chen, Zexia Duan, Zhiqiu Gao, Hiroki Iwata, and Joseph P. McFadden
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 3041–3078, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-3041-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-3041-2022, 2022
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This paper extends the applicability of the SUEWS to extensive pervious areas outside cities. We derived various parameters such as leaf area index, albedo, roughness parameters and surface conductance for non-urban areas. The relation between LAI and albedo is also explored. The methods and parameters discussed can be used for both online and offline simulations. Using appropriate parameters related to non-urban areas is essential for assessing urban–rural differences.
Beatriz M. Monge-Sanz, Alessio Bozzo, Nicholas Byrne, Martyn P. Chipperfield, Michail Diamantakis, Johannes Flemming, Lesley J. Gray, Robin J. Hogan, Luke Jones, Linus Magnusson, Inna Polichtchouk, Theodore G. Shepherd, Nils Wedi, and Antje Weisheimer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4277–4302, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4277-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4277-2022, 2022
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The stratosphere is emerging as one of the keys to improve tropospheric weather and climate predictions. This study provides evidence of the role the stratospheric ozone layer plays in improving weather predictions at different timescales. Using a new ozone modelling approach suitable for high-resolution global models that provide operational forecasts from days to seasons, we find significant improvements in stratospheric meteorological fields and stratosphere–troposphere coupling.
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Short summary
Cities' materials and forms impact radiative fluxes. We evaluate the SPARTACUS-Urban multi-layer approach to modelling longwave radiation, describing realistic 3D geometry statistically using the explicit DART (Discrete Anisotropic Radiative Transfer) model. The temperature configurations used are derived from thermal camera observations. SPARTACUS-Urban accurately predicts longwave fluxes, with a low computational time (cf. DART), but has larger errors with sunlit/shaded surface temperatures.
Cities' materials and forms impact radiative fluxes. We evaluate the SPARTACUS-Urban multi-layer...
