Articles | Volume 16, issue 18
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-5473-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-5473-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Model description paper
| 
27 Sep 2023
Model description paper |
| 27 Sep 2023
| 27 Sep 2023
Simulation of a fully coupled 3D glacial isostatic adjustment – ice sheet model for the Antarctic ice sheet over a glacial cycle
Caroline J. van Calcar
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HS, Delft, the Netherlands
Institute for Marine and Atmospheric research Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 TA, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Roderik S. W. van de Wal
Institute for Marine and Atmospheric research Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 TA, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, 3584 CB, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Bas Blank
Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HS, Delft, the Netherlands
Bas de Boer
Earth and Climate Cluster, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Wouter van der Wal
Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HS, Delft, the Netherlands
Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CN, Delft, the Netherlands
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Cited
16 citations as recorded by crossref.
- A fast surrogate model for 3D Earth glacial isostatic adjustment using Tensorflow (v2.8.0) artificial neural networks R. Love et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8535-2024
- Present-day mass loss rates are a precursor for West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapse T. van den Akker et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-283-2025
- A history-matching analysis of the Antarctic Ice Sheet since the last interglacial – Part 2: Glacial isostatic adjustment B. Lecavalier & L. Tarasov https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-6673-2025
- Satellite data reveal details of glacial isostatic adjustment in the Amundsen Sea Embayment, West Antarctica M. Willen et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-2213-2025
- Reinforced ridges in Thwaites Glacier yield insights into resolution requirements for coupled ice sheet and solid Earth models L. Houriez et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-4355-2025
- Approximating 3D bedrock deformation in an Antarctic ice-sheet model for projections C. van Calcar et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-757-2026
- Love number computation within the Ice-sheet and Sea-level System Model (ISSM v4.24) L. Caron et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-4031-2026
- Impact of glacial isostatic adjustment on zones of potential grounding line persistence in the Ross Sea Embayment (Antarctica) since the Last Glacial Maximum S. Kodama et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-2935-2025
- FastIsostasy v1.0 – a regional, accelerated 2D glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) model accounting for the lateral variability of the solid Earth J. Swierczek-Jereczek et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5263-2024
- Feedback mechanisms controlling Antarctic glacial-cycle dynamics simulated with a coupled ice sheet–solid Earth model T. Albrecht et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-4233-2024
- The glacial systems model (GSM) Version 25G L. Tarasov et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-9565-2025
- Bathymetry-constrained impact of relative sea-level change on basal melting in Antarctica M. Kreuzer et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-1181-2025
- Modeled Greenland Ice Sheet evolution constrained by ice-core-derived Holocene elevation histories M. Lauritzen et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-3599-2025
- Bedrock uplift reduces Antarctic sea-level contribution over next centuries C. van Calcar et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-66435-y
- Late Pleistocene glacial terminations accelerated by proglacial lakes M. Scherrenberg et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1761-2024
- Improving the representation of the ice-sheet contribution to sea level within a global inversion framework M. Willen et al. https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggag059
16 citations as recorded by crossref.
- A fast surrogate model for 3D Earth glacial isostatic adjustment using Tensorflow (v2.8.0) artificial neural networks R. Love et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8535-2024
- Present-day mass loss rates are a precursor for West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapse T. van den Akker et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-283-2025
- A history-matching analysis of the Antarctic Ice Sheet since the last interglacial – Part 2: Glacial isostatic adjustment B. Lecavalier & L. Tarasov https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-6673-2025
- Satellite data reveal details of glacial isostatic adjustment in the Amundsen Sea Embayment, West Antarctica M. Willen et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-2213-2025
- Reinforced ridges in Thwaites Glacier yield insights into resolution requirements for coupled ice sheet and solid Earth models L. Houriez et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-4355-2025
- Approximating 3D bedrock deformation in an Antarctic ice-sheet model for projections C. van Calcar et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-757-2026
- Love number computation within the Ice-sheet and Sea-level System Model (ISSM v4.24) L. Caron et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-4031-2026
- Impact of glacial isostatic adjustment on zones of potential grounding line persistence in the Ross Sea Embayment (Antarctica) since the Last Glacial Maximum S. Kodama et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-2935-2025
- FastIsostasy v1.0 – a regional, accelerated 2D glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) model accounting for the lateral variability of the solid Earth J. Swierczek-Jereczek et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5263-2024
- Feedback mechanisms controlling Antarctic glacial-cycle dynamics simulated with a coupled ice sheet–solid Earth model T. Albrecht et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-4233-2024
- The glacial systems model (GSM) Version 25G L. Tarasov et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-9565-2025
- Bathymetry-constrained impact of relative sea-level change on basal melting in Antarctica M. Kreuzer et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-1181-2025
- Modeled Greenland Ice Sheet evolution constrained by ice-core-derived Holocene elevation histories M. Lauritzen et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-3599-2025
- Bedrock uplift reduces Antarctic sea-level contribution over next centuries C. van Calcar et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-66435-y
- Late Pleistocene glacial terminations accelerated by proglacial lakes M. Scherrenberg et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1761-2024
- Improving the representation of the ice-sheet contribution to sea level within a global inversion framework M. Willen et al. https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggag059
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 11 Jun 2026
Short summary
The waxing and waning of the Antarctic ice sheet caused the Earth’s surface to deform, which is stabilizing the ice sheet and mainly determined by the spatially variable viscosity of the mantle. Including this feedback in model simulations led to significant differences in ice sheet extent and ice thickness over the last glacial cycle. The results underline and quantify the importance of including this local feedback effect in ice sheet models when simulating the Antarctic ice sheet evolution.
The waxing and waning of the Antarctic ice sheet caused the Earth’s surface to deform, which...
