Articles | Volume 15, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-3079-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-3079-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Development and technical paper
| 
08 Apr 2022
Development and technical paper |
| 08 Apr 2022
| 08 Apr 2022
Multiphase processes in the EC-Earth model and their relevance to the atmospheric oxalate, sulfate, and iron cycles
Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development
(IERSD), National Observatory of Athens, Penteli, Greece
Elisa Bergas-Massó
Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain
Department of Project and Construction Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de
Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
María Gonçalves-Ageitos
Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain
Department of Project and Construction Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de
Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
Carlos Pérez García-Pando
Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain
ICREA, Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies,
Barcelona, Spain
Twan van Noije
Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), De Bilt, the
Netherlands
Philippe Le Sager
Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), De Bilt, the
Netherlands
Akinori Ito
Yokohama Institute for Earth Sciences, JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan
Eleni Athanasopoulou
Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development
(IERSD), National Observatory of Athens, Penteli, Greece
Athanasios Nenes
Institute for Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research
and Technology, Patras, Greece
School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering,
École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
Maria Kanakidou
Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory (ECPL), Department of
Chemistry, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen,
Germany
Institute for Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research
and Technology, Patras, Greece
Maarten C. Krol
Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (IMAU), Utrecht
University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Meteorology and Air Quality Section, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
Evangelos Gerasopoulos
Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development
(IERSD), National Observatory of Athens, Penteli, Greece
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Cited
22 citations as recorded by crossref.
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- Implementation of the ORACLE (v1.0) organic aerosol composition and evolution module into the EC-Earth3-AerChem model S. Kakavas et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-4271-2026
- Aerosol Iron from Metal Production as a Secondary Source of Bioaccessible Iron A. Ito & T. Miyakawa https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c06472
- Treatment of Key Aerosol and Cloud Processes in Earth System Models – Recommendations from the FORCeS Project I. Riipinen et al. https://doi.org/10.16993/tellusb.1883
- The Development of METAL-WRF Regional Model for the Description of Dust Mineralogy in the Atmosphere S. Solomos et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14111615
- Insights into the single-particle composition, size, mixing state, and aspect ratio of freshly emitted mineral dust from field measurements in the Moroccan Sahara using electron microscopy A. Panta et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3861-2023
- Impact of aerosol in-situ peroxide formations induced by metal complexes on atmospheric H2O2 budgets H. Song et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164455
- Quantifying dust deposition over the Atlantic Ocean E. Proestakis et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-4351-2025
- Tracing the contribution of dust origins on deposition and phytoplankton carbon uptake in global oceans Y. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-6445-2025
- An evaluation of the regional distribution and wet deposition of secondary inorganic aerosols and their gaseous precursors in IFS-COMPO preparatory to cycle 49R1 J. Williams et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-9913-2025
- Implementation of primary and secondary ice production in EC-Earth3-AerChem: global impacts and insights M. Costa-Surós et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-2667-2026
- Pre‐Industrial, Present and Future Atmospheric Soluble Iron Deposition and the Role of Aerosol Acidity and Oxalate Under CMIP6 Emissions E. Bergas‐Massó et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022EF003353
- Modeling dust mineralogical composition: sensitivity to soil mineralogy atlases and their expected climate impacts M. Gonçalves Ageitos et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8623-2023
- The role of internal feedbacks in sustaining multi-centennial variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation revealed by EC-Earth3-LR simulations N. Cao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2023.118372
- Analysis of secondary inorganic aerosols over the greater Athens area using the EPISODE–CityChem source dispersion and photochemistry model S. Myriokefalitakis et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7815-2024
- An improved representation of aerosol in the ECMWF IFS-COMPO 49R1 through the integration of EQSAM4Climv12 – a first attempt at simulating aerosol acidity S. Rémy et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-7539-2024
- Process analysis of elevated concentrations of organic acids at Whiteface Mountain, New York C. Lawrence et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13693-2024
- Divergent iron dissolution pathways controlled by sulfuric and nitric acids from the ground-level to the upper mixing layer G. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-1483-2026
- Measurement report: Observational insights into the impact of dust transport on atmospheric dicarboxylic acids in ground region and free troposphere M. Shen et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-16147-2025
- Marine aerosol feedback on biogeochemical cycles and the climate in the Anthropocene: lessons learned from the Pacific Ocean A. Ito et al. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2EA00156J
- Aqueous-phase secondary organic aerosol formation on mineral dust W. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwaf221
- Future climate-driven fires may boost ocean productivity in the iron-limited North Atlantic E. Bergas-Masso et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-025-02356-4
22 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Trends and drivers of soluble iron deposition from East Asian dust to the Northwest Pacific: a springtime analysis (2001–2017) H. Zhu et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5175-2025
- Implementation of the ORACLE (v1.0) organic aerosol composition and evolution module into the EC-Earth3-AerChem model S. Kakavas et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-4271-2026
- Aerosol Iron from Metal Production as a Secondary Source of Bioaccessible Iron A. Ito & T. Miyakawa https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c06472
- Treatment of Key Aerosol and Cloud Processes in Earth System Models – Recommendations from the FORCeS Project I. Riipinen et al. https://doi.org/10.16993/tellusb.1883
- The Development of METAL-WRF Regional Model for the Description of Dust Mineralogy in the Atmosphere S. Solomos et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14111615
- Insights into the single-particle composition, size, mixing state, and aspect ratio of freshly emitted mineral dust from field measurements in the Moroccan Sahara using electron microscopy A. Panta et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3861-2023
- Impact of aerosol in-situ peroxide formations induced by metal complexes on atmospheric H2O2 budgets H. Song et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164455
- Quantifying dust deposition over the Atlantic Ocean E. Proestakis et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-4351-2025
- Tracing the contribution of dust origins on deposition and phytoplankton carbon uptake in global oceans Y. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-6445-2025
- An evaluation of the regional distribution and wet deposition of secondary inorganic aerosols and their gaseous precursors in IFS-COMPO preparatory to cycle 49R1 J. Williams et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-9913-2025
- Implementation of primary and secondary ice production in EC-Earth3-AerChem: global impacts and insights M. Costa-Surós et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-2667-2026
- Pre‐Industrial, Present and Future Atmospheric Soluble Iron Deposition and the Role of Aerosol Acidity and Oxalate Under CMIP6 Emissions E. Bergas‐Massó et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022EF003353
- Modeling dust mineralogical composition: sensitivity to soil mineralogy atlases and their expected climate impacts M. Gonçalves Ageitos et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8623-2023
- The role of internal feedbacks in sustaining multi-centennial variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation revealed by EC-Earth3-LR simulations N. Cao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2023.118372
- Analysis of secondary inorganic aerosols over the greater Athens area using the EPISODE–CityChem source dispersion and photochemistry model S. Myriokefalitakis et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7815-2024
- An improved representation of aerosol in the ECMWF IFS-COMPO 49R1 through the integration of EQSAM4Climv12 – a first attempt at simulating aerosol acidity S. Rémy et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-7539-2024
- Process analysis of elevated concentrations of organic acids at Whiteface Mountain, New York C. Lawrence et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13693-2024
- Divergent iron dissolution pathways controlled by sulfuric and nitric acids from the ground-level to the upper mixing layer G. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-1483-2026
- Measurement report: Observational insights into the impact of dust transport on atmospheric dicarboxylic acids in ground region and free troposphere M. Shen et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-16147-2025
- Marine aerosol feedback on biogeochemical cycles and the climate in the Anthropocene: lessons learned from the Pacific Ocean A. Ito et al. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2EA00156J
- Aqueous-phase secondary organic aerosol formation on mineral dust W. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwaf221
- Future climate-driven fires may boost ocean productivity in the iron-limited North Atlantic E. Bergas-Masso et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-025-02356-4
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 09 Jun 2026
Short summary
We here describe the implementation of atmospheric multiphase processes in the EC-Earth Earth system model. We provide global budgets of oxalate, sulfate, and iron-containing aerosols, along with an analysis of the links among atmospheric composition, aqueous-phase processes, and aerosol dissolution, supported by comparison to observations. This work is a first step towards an interactive calculation of the deposition of bioavailable atmospheric iron coupled to the model’s ocean component.
We here describe the implementation of atmospheric multiphase processes in the EC-Earth Earth...
