Policies to mitigate air pollution require an understanding of tropospheric oxidizing capacity, which is controlled by mechanisms including heterogeneous processes on aerosols and clouds. This study uses a chemistry–climate model CHASER (MIROC) to explore the heterogeneous effects in the troposphere for -2.96 % O₃, -2.19 % NO_x, +3.28 % CO, and +5.91 % CH₄ lifetime. Besides, these processes affect polluted areas and remote areas and can bring challenges to pollution reduction efforts.