Articles | Volume 14, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-2371-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-2371-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Model evaluation paper
| 
03 May 2021
Model evaluation paper |
| 03 May 2021
| 03 May 2021
CLASSIC v1.0: the open-source community successor to the Canadian Land Surface Scheme (CLASS) and the Canadian Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (CTEM) – Part 2: Global benchmarking
Christian Seiler
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Climate Processes Section, Climate Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Victoria, BC, Canada
Joe R. Melton
Climate Processes Section, Climate Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Victoria, BC, Canada
Vivek K. Arora
Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis, Climate Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Victoria, BC, Canada
Libo Wang
Climate Processes Section, Climate Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, North York, ON, Canada
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Cited
24 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Mapping of ESA's Climate Change Initiative land cover data to plant functional types for use in the CLASSIC land model L. Wang et al.
- High-resolution Canada domain disturbance forcings suitable for land surface modeling applications J. Beaver et al.
- Peatland dynamics: A review of process-based models and approaches B. Mozafari et al.
- Simulated responses of soil carbon to climate change in CMIP6 Earth system models: the role of false priming R. Varney et al.
- Global climate change below 2 °C avoids large end century increases in burned area in Canada S. Curasi et al.
- Human driven climate change increased the likelihood of the 2023 record area burned in Canada M. Kirchmeier-Young et al.
- The Impact of Climate Forcing Biases and the Nitrogen Cycle on Land Carbon Balance Projections C. Seiler et al.
- Is soil contamination a missing driver of soil heterotrophic respiration in land surface models? A study case with copper – L. Sereni et al.
- Climate impact on mean annual cycle and interannual variability of CO2 fluxes in European deciduous broadleaf and evergreen needleleaf forests: insights from observations and state-of-the-art data-driven and process-based models A. Ullah et al.
- Global Sensitivity Analysis of the Future Land Carbon Sink R. Deepak et al.
- Evaluation of soil carbon simulation in CMIP6 Earth system models R. Varney et al.
- Environmental controls of winter soil carbon dioxide fluxes in boreal and tundra environments A. Mavrovic et al.
- Impacts of benchmarking choices on inferred model skill of the Arctic–Boreal terrestrial carbon cycle J. Poe et al.
- The impacts of modelling prescribed vs. dynamic land cover in a high-CO2 future scenario – greening of the Arctic and Amazonian dieback S. Kou-Giesbrecht et al.
- Impact of topography and meteorological forcing on snow simulation in the Canadian Land Surface Scheme Including Biogeochemical Cycles (CLASSIC) L. Wang et al.
- Are Terrestrial Biosphere Models Fit for Simulating the Global Land Carbon Sink? C. Seiler et al.
- Towards an ensemble-based evaluation of land surface models in light of uncertain forcings and observations V. Arora et al.
- Evaluating the Performance of the Canadian Land Surface Scheme Including Biogeochemical Cycles (CLASSIC) Tailored to the Pan‐Canadian Domain S. Curasi et al.
- Do Meteorological, Agricultural, and Hydrological Indicators All Point to an Increased Frequency and Intensity of Droughts Across Canada Under a Changing Climate? B. Bonsal et al.
- Best practices in software development for robust and reproducible geoscientific models based on insights from the Global Carbon Budget's dynamic vegetation models K. Gregor et al.
- A boreal forest model benchmarking dataset for North America: a case study with the Canadian Land Surface Scheme Including Biogeochemical Cycles (CLASSIC) B. Qu et al.
- Benchmarking of snow water equivalent (SWE) products based on outcomes of the SnowPEx+ Intercomparison Project L. Mudryk et al.
- Evaluating nitrogen cycling in terrestrial biosphere models: a disconnect between the carbon and nitrogen cycles S. Kou-Giesbrecht et al.
- Implementing a dynamic representation of fire and harvest including subgrid-scale heterogeneity in the tile-based land surface model CLASSIC v1.45 S. Curasi et al.
24 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Mapping of ESA's Climate Change Initiative land cover data to plant functional types for use in the CLASSIC land model L. Wang et al.
- High-resolution Canada domain disturbance forcings suitable for land surface modeling applications J. Beaver et al.
- Peatland dynamics: A review of process-based models and approaches B. Mozafari et al.
- Simulated responses of soil carbon to climate change in CMIP6 Earth system models: the role of false priming R. Varney et al.
- Global climate change below 2 °C avoids large end century increases in burned area in Canada S. Curasi et al.
- Human driven climate change increased the likelihood of the 2023 record area burned in Canada M. Kirchmeier-Young et al.
- The Impact of Climate Forcing Biases and the Nitrogen Cycle on Land Carbon Balance Projections C. Seiler et al.
- Is soil contamination a missing driver of soil heterotrophic respiration in land surface models? A study case with copper – L. Sereni et al.
- Climate impact on mean annual cycle and interannual variability of CO2 fluxes in European deciduous broadleaf and evergreen needleleaf forests: insights from observations and state-of-the-art data-driven and process-based models A. Ullah et al.
- Global Sensitivity Analysis of the Future Land Carbon Sink R. Deepak et al.
- Evaluation of soil carbon simulation in CMIP6 Earth system models R. Varney et al.
- Environmental controls of winter soil carbon dioxide fluxes in boreal and tundra environments A. Mavrovic et al.
- Impacts of benchmarking choices on inferred model skill of the Arctic–Boreal terrestrial carbon cycle J. Poe et al.
- The impacts of modelling prescribed vs. dynamic land cover in a high-CO2 future scenario – greening of the Arctic and Amazonian dieback S. Kou-Giesbrecht et al.
- Impact of topography and meteorological forcing on snow simulation in the Canadian Land Surface Scheme Including Biogeochemical Cycles (CLASSIC) L. Wang et al.
- Are Terrestrial Biosphere Models Fit for Simulating the Global Land Carbon Sink? C. Seiler et al.
- Towards an ensemble-based evaluation of land surface models in light of uncertain forcings and observations V. Arora et al.
- Evaluating the Performance of the Canadian Land Surface Scheme Including Biogeochemical Cycles (CLASSIC) Tailored to the Pan‐Canadian Domain S. Curasi et al.
- Do Meteorological, Agricultural, and Hydrological Indicators All Point to an Increased Frequency and Intensity of Droughts Across Canada Under a Changing Climate? B. Bonsal et al.
- Best practices in software development for robust and reproducible geoscientific models based on insights from the Global Carbon Budget's dynamic vegetation models K. Gregor et al.
- A boreal forest model benchmarking dataset for North America: a case study with the Canadian Land Surface Scheme Including Biogeochemical Cycles (CLASSIC) B. Qu et al.
- Benchmarking of snow water equivalent (SWE) products based on outcomes of the SnowPEx+ Intercomparison Project L. Mudryk et al.
- Evaluating nitrogen cycling in terrestrial biosphere models: a disconnect between the carbon and nitrogen cycles S. Kou-Giesbrecht et al.
- Implementing a dynamic representation of fire and harvest including subgrid-scale heterogeneity in the tile-based land surface model CLASSIC v1.45 S. Curasi et al.
Saved (final revised paper)
Discussed (final revised paper)
Latest update: 02 May 2026
Short summary
This study evaluates how well the CLASSIC land surface model reproduces the energy, water, and carbon cycle when compared against a wide range of global observations. Special attention is paid to how uncertainties in the data used to drive and evaluate the model affect model skill. Our results show the importance of incorporating uncertainties when evaluating land surface models and that failing to do so may potentially misguide future model development.
This study evaluates how well the CLASSIC land surface model reproduces the energy, water, and...
