Articles | Volume 14, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-2317-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-2317-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Model evaluation paper
| 
03 May 2021
Model evaluation paper |
| 03 May 2021
| 03 May 2021
Comparison of ocean vertical mixing schemes in the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM1.2)
Oliver Gutjahr
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
currently at: Institut für Meereskunde, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
Nils Brüggemann
Institut für Meereskunde, Universtät Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Helmuth Haak
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Johann H. Jungclaus
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Dian A. Putrasahan
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Katja Lohmann
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Jin-Song von Storch
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Cited
18 citations as recorded by crossref.
- ICON‐O: The Ocean Component of the ICON Earth System Model—Global Simulation Characteristics and Local Telescoping Capability P. Korn et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021MS002952
- Response of Northern North Atlantic and Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation to Reduced and Enhanced Wind Stress Forcing K. Lohmann et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JC017902
- Sensitivity of the tropical Atlantic to vertical mixing in two ocean models (ICON-O v2.6.6 and FESOM v2.5) S. Bastin et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-1189-2025
- Comparison of Turbulence Parameterization Methods in an Upper Ocean Layer Model A. Bukharev & K. Bulgakov https://doi.org/10.59887/2073-6673.2025.18(2)-1
- Impacts of the strengthened Atlantic meridional overturning circulation on the North Atlantic sea surface temperature: mean state L. Ma & Z. Jiang https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-022-06605-6
- An Improved Parameterization of Wind‐Driven Turbulent Vertical Mixing Based on an Eddy‐Resolving Climate Model M. Yuan et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021MS002630
- Comparing the impacts of vertical mixing enhancement on AMOC at the eastern and western boundaries of Atlantic L. Guo & X. Jiang https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-025-07628-5
- Comparison of vertical mixing schemes in simulating ocean processes and eddy energetics R. Chauhan et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-026-06186-y
- An Improved MG Model for Turbulent Mixing Parameterization in the Northwestern South China Sea M. Hu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13010046
- On the effect of grid resolution and mixing schemes on mesoscale dynamics in coastal ocean models: Studies in a mid-latitude marginal sea (northern Adriatic Sea) F. Giordano et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2026.102748
- The ICON Earth System Model Version 1.0 J. Jungclaus et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021MS002813
- Parameterizing Vertical Mixing Coefficients in the Ocean Surface Boundary Layer Using Neural Networks A. Sane et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023MS003890
- Seamless Integration of the Coastal Ocean in Global Marine Carbon Cycle Modeling M. Mathis et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021MS002789
- Improvements and Persistent Biases in the Ocean Climatology Simulated by the Beijing Climate Center Climate System Models from CMIP5 to CMIP6 L. Ma et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-024-4049-2
- Seasonal resilience of temperate estuarine fish in response to climate change Z. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.111518
- Parameterization of turbulent mixing by deep learning in the continental shelf sea east of Hainan Island M. Hu et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-024-3266-y
- Assessment of the Finite-VolumE Sea ice–Ocean Model (FESOM2.0) – Part 2: Partial bottom cells, embedded sea ice and vertical mixing library CVMix P. Scholz et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-335-2022
- Applying machine learning in devising a parsimonious ocean mixing parameterization scheme G. Han et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2022.105163
18 citations as recorded by crossref.
- ICON‐O: The Ocean Component of the ICON Earth System Model—Global Simulation Characteristics and Local Telescoping Capability P. Korn et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021MS002952
- Response of Northern North Atlantic and Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation to Reduced and Enhanced Wind Stress Forcing K. Lohmann et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JC017902
- Sensitivity of the tropical Atlantic to vertical mixing in two ocean models (ICON-O v2.6.6 and FESOM v2.5) S. Bastin et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-1189-2025
- Comparison of Turbulence Parameterization Methods in an Upper Ocean Layer Model A. Bukharev & K. Bulgakov https://doi.org/10.59887/2073-6673.2025.18(2)-1
- Impacts of the strengthened Atlantic meridional overturning circulation on the North Atlantic sea surface temperature: mean state L. Ma & Z. Jiang https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-022-06605-6
- An Improved Parameterization of Wind‐Driven Turbulent Vertical Mixing Based on an Eddy‐Resolving Climate Model M. Yuan et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021MS002630
- Comparing the impacts of vertical mixing enhancement on AMOC at the eastern and western boundaries of Atlantic L. Guo & X. Jiang https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-025-07628-5
- Comparison of vertical mixing schemes in simulating ocean processes and eddy energetics R. Chauhan et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-026-06186-y
- An Improved MG Model for Turbulent Mixing Parameterization in the Northwestern South China Sea M. Hu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13010046
- On the effect of grid resolution and mixing schemes on mesoscale dynamics in coastal ocean models: Studies in a mid-latitude marginal sea (northern Adriatic Sea) F. Giordano et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2026.102748
- The ICON Earth System Model Version 1.0 J. Jungclaus et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021MS002813
- Parameterizing Vertical Mixing Coefficients in the Ocean Surface Boundary Layer Using Neural Networks A. Sane et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023MS003890
- Seamless Integration of the Coastal Ocean in Global Marine Carbon Cycle Modeling M. Mathis et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021MS002789
- Improvements and Persistent Biases in the Ocean Climatology Simulated by the Beijing Climate Center Climate System Models from CMIP5 to CMIP6 L. Ma et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-024-4049-2
- Seasonal resilience of temperate estuarine fish in response to climate change Z. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.111518
- Parameterization of turbulent mixing by deep learning in the continental shelf sea east of Hainan Island M. Hu et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-024-3266-y
- Assessment of the Finite-VolumE Sea ice–Ocean Model (FESOM2.0) – Part 2: Partial bottom cells, embedded sea ice and vertical mixing library CVMix P. Scholz et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-335-2022
- Applying machine learning in devising a parsimonious ocean mixing parameterization scheme G. Han et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2022.105163
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 23 Jun 2026
Short summary
We compare four ocean vertical mixing schemes in 100-year coupled simulations with the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM1.2) and analyse their model biases. Overall, the mixing schemes modify biases in the ocean interior that vary with region and variable but produce a similar global bias pattern. We therefore cannot classify any scheme as superior but conclude that the chosen mixing scheme may be important for regional biases.
We compare four ocean vertical mixing schemes in 100-year coupled simulations with the Max...
