Articles | Volume 13, issue 10
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-4639-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-4639-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Development and technical paper
| 
30 Sep 2020
Development and technical paper |
| 30 Sep 2020
| 30 Sep 2020
Image-processing-based atmospheric river tracking method version 1 (IPART-1)
Guangzhi Xu
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography, Institute for Advanced Ocean Studies,
Ocean University of China and Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine
Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
Xiaohui Ma
Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography, Institute for Advanced Ocean Studies,
Ocean University of China and Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine
Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
The International Laboratory for
High-Resolution Earth System Prediction, Texas A&M University, College
Station, TX, USA
Ping Chang
Department of Oceanography and Department of Atmospheric Sciences,
Texas A&M University, College Station,
TX, USA
The International Laboratory for
High-Resolution Earth System Prediction, Texas A&M University, College
Station, TX, USA
Center for Monsoon System Research, Institute of Atmospheric
Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Cited
34 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Atmospheric river, a term encompassing different meteorological patterns L. Gimeno et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1558
- Projected changes in moisture sources and sinks affecting the US East Coast and the Caribbean Sea J. Eiras‐Barca et al. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.15289
- Linkage between anomalies of pre-summer thawing of frozen soil over the Tibetan Plateau and summer precipitation in East Asia Y. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac2f1c
- A regionally refined quarter-degree global atmospheric rivers database based on ERA5 B. Guan & D. Waliser https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03258-4
- The Role of Atmospheric Rivers in Antarctic Sea Ice Variations K. Liang et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL102588
- Extreme atmospheric rivers in a warming climate S. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-38980-x
- Atmospheric Rivers in Africa Observed with GNSS-RO and Reanalysis Data L. Maier et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17071273
- Future extratropical cyclones with more moisture and fewer associated atmospheric rivers P. Coll-Hidalgo et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01307-2
- Exploration of the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of atmospheric rivers in East Asia in the past decade based on a multidimensional adaptive atmospheric river identification algorithm T. Zhu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108589
- Atmospheric river trajectories organise along a global transport network T. Braun et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-17-695-2026
- Objective identification of tropical cyclone‐induced remote moisture transport using digraphs S. Xiao et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4612
- Response of lacustrine glacier dynamics to atmospheric forcing in the Cordillera Darwin L. Langhamer et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2024.14
- A cluster analysis of cold-season atmospheric river tracks over the North Atlantic and their linkages to extreme precipitation and winds C. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-022-06297-y
- Assessing the evolution of point bars along the Niger river in the Niger Delta, Nigeria (1974–2024) using remote sensing and machine learning P. Moses et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12518-025-00687-7
- Scalable Feature Extraction and Tracking (SCAFET): a general framework for feature extraction from large climate data sets A. Nellikkattil et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-301-2024
- IPART: A Python Package for Image-Processing based Atmospheric River Tracking G. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.02407
- Atmospheric rivers and associated extreme rainfall over Morocco A. Khouakhi et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.7676
- Changes in Moisture Sources of Atmospheric Rivers Landfalling the Iberian Peninsula With WRF‐FLEXPART J. Fernández‐Alvarez et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD037612
- Response of the upper ocean to northeast Pacific atmospheric rivers under climate change C. Shields et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01774-0
- Hydro-morphological reconstruction of the Blanco River in the eruptive event 2008: Variables that influenced the change of the channel course in Chaitén, Chile I. Rojas-Castillo et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105412
- Moisture transport axes: a unifying definition for tropical moisture exports, atmospheric rivers, and warm moist intrusions C. Spensberger et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-6-431-2025
- Association Between Extreme Atmospheric Anomalies Over Antarctic Sea Ice, Southern Ocean Polar Cyclones and Atmospheric Rivers E. Hepworth et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD036121
- The record-breaking precipitation event of December 2022 in Portugal T. Ferreira et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-609-2025
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- Can data-driven weather models accurately forecast atmospheric rivers? F. Lopez-Marti et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ae1e8e
- Improving the Understanding of Atmospheric River Water Vapor Transport Using a Three‐Dimensional Straightened Composite Analysis G. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD036159
- The increasing influence of atmospheric moisture transport on hydrometeorological extremes in the Euromediterranean region with global warming L. Gimeno-Sotelo et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01787-9
- Leading Modes of Wintertime North Pacific Atmospheric Rivers and Their Drivers G. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD037719
- Co‐development of a cyclone family and an atmospheric river over the North Atlantic: a synoptic evolution with associated moisture transports J. Yano & O. Martínez‐Alvarado https://doi.org/10.1002/wea.7761
- Self-Organized Criticality in Atmospheric Rivers S. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1103/7l2l-g5vn
- Increased amplitude of atmospheric rivers and associated extreme precipitation in ultra-high-resolution greenhouse warming simulations A. Nellikkattil et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-00963-7
- A Comparison between the Kuroshio Extension and Pineapple Express Atmospheric Rivers Affecting the West Coast of North America S. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0554.1
- A glacial lake outburst floods hazard assessment in the Patagonian Andes combining inventory data and case-studies B. Colavitto et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169703
- Identifying atmospheric rivers and their poleward latent heat transport with generalizable neural networks: ARCNNv1 A. Mahesh et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3533-2024
34 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Atmospheric river, a term encompassing different meteorological patterns L. Gimeno et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1558
- Projected changes in moisture sources and sinks affecting the US East Coast and the Caribbean Sea J. Eiras‐Barca et al. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.15289
- Linkage between anomalies of pre-summer thawing of frozen soil over the Tibetan Plateau and summer precipitation in East Asia Y. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac2f1c
- A regionally refined quarter-degree global atmospheric rivers database based on ERA5 B. Guan & D. Waliser https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03258-4
- The Role of Atmospheric Rivers in Antarctic Sea Ice Variations K. Liang et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL102588
- Extreme atmospheric rivers in a warming climate S. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-38980-x
- Atmospheric Rivers in Africa Observed with GNSS-RO and Reanalysis Data L. Maier et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17071273
- Future extratropical cyclones with more moisture and fewer associated atmospheric rivers P. Coll-Hidalgo et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01307-2
- Exploration of the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of atmospheric rivers in East Asia in the past decade based on a multidimensional adaptive atmospheric river identification algorithm T. Zhu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108589
- Atmospheric river trajectories organise along a global transport network T. Braun et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-17-695-2026
- Objective identification of tropical cyclone‐induced remote moisture transport using digraphs S. Xiao et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4612
- Response of lacustrine glacier dynamics to atmospheric forcing in the Cordillera Darwin L. Langhamer et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2024.14
- A cluster analysis of cold-season atmospheric river tracks over the North Atlantic and their linkages to extreme precipitation and winds C. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-022-06297-y
- Assessing the evolution of point bars along the Niger river in the Niger Delta, Nigeria (1974–2024) using remote sensing and machine learning P. Moses et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12518-025-00687-7
- Scalable Feature Extraction and Tracking (SCAFET): a general framework for feature extraction from large climate data sets A. Nellikkattil et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-301-2024
- IPART: A Python Package for Image-Processing based Atmospheric River Tracking G. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.02407
- Atmospheric rivers and associated extreme rainfall over Morocco A. Khouakhi et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.7676
- Changes in Moisture Sources of Atmospheric Rivers Landfalling the Iberian Peninsula With WRF‐FLEXPART J. Fernández‐Alvarez et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD037612
- Response of the upper ocean to northeast Pacific atmospheric rivers under climate change C. Shields et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01774-0
- Hydro-morphological reconstruction of the Blanco River in the eruptive event 2008: Variables that influenced the change of the channel course in Chaitén, Chile I. Rojas-Castillo et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105412
- Moisture transport axes: a unifying definition for tropical moisture exports, atmospheric rivers, and warm moist intrusions C. Spensberger et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-6-431-2025
- Association Between Extreme Atmospheric Anomalies Over Antarctic Sea Ice, Southern Ocean Polar Cyclones and Atmospheric Rivers E. Hepworth et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD036121
- The record-breaking precipitation event of December 2022 in Portugal T. Ferreira et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-609-2025
- High‐Tide Floods and Storm Surges During Atmospheric Rivers on the US West Coast C. Piecuch et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL096820
- Can data-driven weather models accurately forecast atmospheric rivers? F. Lopez-Marti et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ae1e8e
- Improving the Understanding of Atmospheric River Water Vapor Transport Using a Three‐Dimensional Straightened Composite Analysis G. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD036159
- The increasing influence of atmospheric moisture transport on hydrometeorological extremes in the Euromediterranean region with global warming L. Gimeno-Sotelo et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01787-9
- Leading Modes of Wintertime North Pacific Atmospheric Rivers and Their Drivers G. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD037719
- Co‐development of a cyclone family and an atmospheric river over the North Atlantic: a synoptic evolution with associated moisture transports J. Yano & O. Martínez‐Alvarado https://doi.org/10.1002/wea.7761
- Self-Organized Criticality in Atmospheric Rivers S. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1103/7l2l-g5vn
- Increased amplitude of atmospheric rivers and associated extreme precipitation in ultra-high-resolution greenhouse warming simulations A. Nellikkattil et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-00963-7
- A Comparison between the Kuroshio Extension and Pineapple Express Atmospheric Rivers Affecting the West Coast of North America S. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0554.1
- A glacial lake outburst floods hazard assessment in the Patagonian Andes combining inventory data and case-studies B. Colavitto et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169703
- Identifying atmospheric rivers and their poleward latent heat transport with generalizable neural networks: ARCNNv1 A. Mahesh et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3533-2024
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 03 Aug 2026
Short summary
We observed considerable limitations in existing atmospheric river (AR) detection methods and looked into other disciplines for inspirations of tackling the AR detection problem. A new method is derived from an image-processing technique and encodes the spatiotemporal-scale information of AR systems, which is a key physical ingredient of ARs that is more stable than the vapor flux intensities, making it more suitable for climate-scale studies when models often have different biases.
We observed considerable limitations in existing atmospheric river (AR) detection methods and...
