Articles | Volume 12, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-3863-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-3863-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Development and technical paper
| 
03 Sep 2019
Development and technical paper |
| 03 Sep 2019
| 03 Sep 2019
Improved tropospheric and stratospheric sulfur cycle in the aerosol–chemistry–climate model SOCOL-AERv2
Aryeh Feinberg
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
Timofei Sukhodolov
Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos and World Radiation Center, Davos, Switzerland
Bei-Ping Luo
Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Eugene Rozanov
Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos and World Radiation Center, Davos, Switzerland
Lenny H. E. Winkel
Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
Thomas Peter
Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Andrea Stenke
Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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- Injecting solid particles into the stratosphere could mitigate global warming but currently entails great uncertainties S. Vattioni et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02038-1
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- Unknown Eruption Source Parameters Cause Large Uncertainty in Historical Volcanic Radiative Forcing Reconstructions L. Marshall et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD033578
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- Long-range transport of La Soufrière volcanic plume to the western North Pacific: Influence on atmospheric mercury and aerosol properties S. Ravindra Babu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118806
- The historical ozone trends simulated with the SOCOLv4 and their comparison with observations and reanalyses A. Karagodin-Doyennel et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15333-2022
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- Analysis of the global atmospheric background sulfur budget in a multi-model framework C. Brodowsky et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5513-2024
- The response of Arctic warming to aerosols D. Chen & Q. Sun https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/add8a3
- Sensitivity of stratospheric ozone to the latitude, season, and halogen content of a contemporary explosive volcanic eruption F. Østerstrøm et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-32574-9
- Materials with smaller absorptivity could reduce detrimental impacts of stratospheric aerosol injection on the hydrological cycle M. Geurts et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ae7e0d
- Selenium nanoparticles and the epigenetic landscape: emerging mechanisms in human and plant health R. Conlan et al. https://doi.org/10.1186/s44301-026-00034-8
- Unexpectedly rapid aerosol formation in the Hunga Tonga plume E. Asher et al. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2219547120
- Perchlorate in stratospheric aerosol particles D. Murphy et al. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2512783122
- Analysis and Evaluation of Sulfur Dioxide and Equivalent Black Carbon at a Southern Italian WMO/GAW Station Using the Ozone to Nitrogen Oxides Ratio Methodology as Proximity Indicator F. D’Amico et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments12080273
- Atmosphere–ocean–aerosol–chemistry–climate model SOCOLv4.0: description and evaluation T. Sukhodolov et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-5525-2021
- Extreme Solar Events: Setting up a Paradigm I. Usoskin et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-023-01018-1
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- Future Climate Under CMIP6 Solar Activity Scenarios J. Sedlacek et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022EA002783
- Constraining Atmospheric Selenium Emissions Using Observations, Global Modeling, and Bayesian Inference A. Feinberg et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c01408
- Global perspectives on nitrate aerosol dynamics: a comprehensive sensitivity analysis A. Milousis et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-571-2026
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- Stratospheric injection of solid particles reduces side effects on circulation and climate compared to SO2 injections F. Stefanetti et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5295/ad9f93
- Modeling the Sulfate Aerosol Evolution After Recent Moderate Volcanic Activity, 2008–2012 C. Brodowsky et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD035472
- The future ozone trends in changing climate simulated with SOCOLv4 A. Karagodin-Doyennel et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4801-2023
- In situ measurements of perturbations to stratospheric aerosol and modeled ozone and radiative impacts following the 2021 La Soufrière eruption Y. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15351-2023
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- An interactive stratospheric aerosol model intercomparison of solar geoengineering by stratospheric injection of SO2 or accumulation-mode sulfuric acid aerosols D. Weisenstein et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2955-2022
47 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Impact of the Hunga Tonga volcanic eruption on stratospheric composition D. Wilmouth et al. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2301994120
- Injecting solid particles into the stratosphere could mitigate global warming but currently entails great uncertainties S. Vattioni et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02038-1
- The influence of extratropical cross-tropopause mixing on the correlation between ozone and sulfate aerosol in the lowermost stratosphere P. Joppe et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7499-2024
- Emission factors and evolution of SO2 measured from biomass burning in wildfires and agricultural fires P. Rickly et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15603-2022
- Unknown Eruption Source Parameters Cause Large Uncertainty in Historical Volcanic Radiative Forcing Reconstructions L. Marshall et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD033578
- Changes in stratospheric aerosol extinction coefficient after the 2018 Ambae eruption as seen by OMPS-LP and MAECHAM5-HAM E. Malinina et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14871-2021
- Long-range transport of La Soufrière volcanic plume to the western North Pacific: Influence on atmospheric mercury and aerosol properties S. Ravindra Babu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118806
- The historical ozone trends simulated with the SOCOLv4 and their comparison with observations and reanalyses A. Karagodin-Doyennel et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15333-2022
- Stratospheric dynamics modulates ozone layer response to molecular oxygen variations I. Józefiak et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2023.1239325
- Analysis of the global atmospheric background sulfur budget in a multi-model framework C. Brodowsky et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5513-2024
- The response of Arctic warming to aerosols D. Chen & Q. Sun https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/add8a3
- Sensitivity of stratospheric ozone to the latitude, season, and halogen content of a contemporary explosive volcanic eruption F. Østerstrøm et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-32574-9
- Materials with smaller absorptivity could reduce detrimental impacts of stratospheric aerosol injection on the hydrological cycle M. Geurts et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ae7e0d
- Selenium nanoparticles and the epigenetic landscape: emerging mechanisms in human and plant health R. Conlan et al. https://doi.org/10.1186/s44301-026-00034-8
- Unexpectedly rapid aerosol formation in the Hunga Tonga plume E. Asher et al. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2219547120
- Perchlorate in stratospheric aerosol particles D. Murphy et al. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2512783122
- Analysis and Evaluation of Sulfur Dioxide and Equivalent Black Carbon at a Southern Italian WMO/GAW Station Using the Ozone to Nitrogen Oxides Ratio Methodology as Proximity Indicator F. D’Amico et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments12080273
- Atmosphere–ocean–aerosol–chemistry–climate model SOCOLv4.0: description and evaluation T. Sukhodolov et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-5525-2021
- Extreme Solar Events: Setting up a Paradigm I. Usoskin et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-023-01018-1
- Assimilation of volcanic sulfur dioxide products from IASI and TROPOMI into the chemical transport model MOCAGE: case study of the 2021 La Soufrière Saint Vincent eruption with the March 2022 version of MOCAGE M. Bacles et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-2659-2025
- Selenium concentration in herring from the Baltic Sea tracks decadal and spatial trends in external sources A. Soerensen et al. https://doi.org/10.1039/D1EM00418B
- Zonal Mean Distribution of Cosmogenic Isotope (7Be, 10Be, 14C, and 36Cl) Production in Stratosphere and Troposphere K. Golubenko et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD036726
- Chemical Impact of Stratospheric Alumina Particle Injection for Solar Radiation Modification and Related Uncertainties S. Vattioni et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL105889
- Iodine chemistry in the chemistry–climate model SOCOL-AERv2-I A. Karagodin-Doyennel et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-6623-2021
- Influences of sources and weather dynamics on atmospheric deposition of Se species and other trace elements E. Breuninger et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2491-2024
- Contrail aging of a supersonic aircraft using a RANS/LES approach M. Muller et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2026.112068
- Reductions in the deposition of sulfur and selenium to agricultural soils pose risk of future nutrient deficiencies A. Feinberg et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-021-00172-0
- Evaluating the Response of Global Column Resistance to a Large Volcanic Eruption by an Aerosol-Coupled Chemistry Climate Model Y. Xie et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.673808
- Modeling study of the impact of SO2 volcanic passive emissions on the tropospheric sulfur budget C. Lamotte et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11379-2021
- Future Climate Under CMIP6 Solar Activity Scenarios J. Sedlacek et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022EA002783
- Constraining Atmospheric Selenium Emissions Using Observations, Global Modeling, and Bayesian Inference A. Feinberg et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c01408
- Global perspectives on nitrate aerosol dynamics: a comprehensive sensitivity analysis A. Milousis et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-571-2026
- Stratospherically induced circulation changes under the extreme conditions of the no-Montreal-Protocol scenario F. Zilker et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13387-2023
- Integrated Surface and Tropospheric Column Analysis of Sulfur Dioxide Variability at the Lamezia Terme WMO/GAW Regional Station in Calabria, Southern Italy F. D’Amico et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments12010027
- Assessing the stratospheric temperature response to volcanic sulfate injections by Mt. Pinatubo: insights from the Interactive Stratospheric Aerosol Model Intercomparison Project K. Perny et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-10997-2026
- Application of CCM SOCOL-AERv2-BE to cosmogenic beryllium isotopes: description and validation for polar regions K. Golubenko et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-7605-2021
- A fully coupled solid-particle microphysics scheme for stratospheric aerosol injections within the aerosol–chemistry–climate model SOCOL-AERv2 S. Vattioni et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-7767-2024
- Modelling stratospheric composition for the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service: multi-species evaluation of IFS-COMPO Cy49 S. Chabrillat et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-8973-2025
- Improvements to a laser-induced fluorescence instrument for measuring SO2 – impact on accuracy and precision P. Rickly et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-2429-2021
- Importance of microphysical settings for climate forcing by stratospheric SO2 injections as modeled by SOCOL-AERv2 S. Vattioni et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4181-2024
- Stratospheric injection of solid particles reduces side effects on circulation and climate compared to SO2 injections F. Stefanetti et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5295/ad9f93
- Modeling the Sulfate Aerosol Evolution After Recent Moderate Volcanic Activity, 2008–2012 C. Brodowsky et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD035472
- The future ozone trends in changing climate simulated with SOCOLv4 A. Karagodin-Doyennel et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4801-2023
- In situ measurements of perturbations to stratospheric aerosol and modeled ozone and radiative impacts following the 2021 La Soufrière eruption Y. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15351-2023
- Mapping the drivers of uncertainty in atmospheric selenium deposition with global sensitivity analysis A. Feinberg et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-1363-2020
- Interactive stratospheric aerosol models' response to different amounts and altitudes of SO2 injection during the 1991 Pinatubo eruption I. Quaglia et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-921-2023
- An interactive stratospheric aerosol model intercomparison of solar geoengineering by stratospheric injection of SO2 or accumulation-mode sulfuric acid aerosols D. Weisenstein et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2955-2022
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 30 Aug 2026
Short summary
We have improved several aspects of atmospheric sulfur cycling in SOCOL-AER, an aerosol–chemistry–climate model. The newly implemented features in SOCOL-AERv2 include interactive deposition schemes, improved sulfur mass conservation, and expanded tropospheric chemistry. SOCOL-AERv2 shows better agreement with stratospheric aerosol observations and sulfur deposition networks compared to SOCOL-AERv1. SOCOL-AERv2 can be used to study impacts of sulfate aerosol on climate, chemistry, and ecosystems.
We have improved several aspects of atmospheric sulfur cycling in SOCOL-AER, an...
