Articles | Volume 10, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-57-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-57-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Methods for assessment of models
| 
05 Jan 2017
Methods for assessment of models |
| 05 Jan 2017
ASoP (v1.0): a set of methods for analyzing scales of precipitation in general circulation models
Nicholas P. Klingaman
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
National Centre for Atmospheric Science–Climate and Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Earley Gate, P.O. Box 243, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6BB, UK
Gill M. Martin
Met Office, Exeter, UK
Aurel Moise
Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne, Australia
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40 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Improved climatological precipitation characteristics over West Africa at convection-permitting scales S. Berthou et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-019-04759-4
- The added value of using convective-permitting regional climate model simulations to represent cloud band events over South America M. Zilli et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-024-07460-3
- Simulated Tropical Precipitation Assessed across Three Major Phases of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) S. Fiedler et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-19-0404.1
- Convection-permitting climate models offer more certain extreme rainfall projections G. Fosser et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-024-00600-w
- Afforestation reduces cyclone intensity and precipitation extremes over Europe D. Belušić et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab23b2
- Benefits and added value of convection-permitting climate modeling over Fenno-Scandinavia P. Lind et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-020-05359-3
- On the suitability of a convolutional neural network based RCM-emulator for fine spatio-temporal precipitation A. Doury et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-024-07350-8
- Role of atmospheric horizontal resolution in simulating tropical and subtropical South American precipitation in HadGEM3-GC31 P. Monerie et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-4749-2020
- European daily precipitation according to EURO-CORDEX regional climate models (RCMs) and high-resolution global climate models (GCMs) from the High-Resolution Model Intercomparison Project (HighResMIP) M. Demory et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-5485-2020
- The performance of the CoMorph‐A convection package in global simulations with the Met Office Unified Model A. Lock et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4781
- Benchmarking Simulated Precipitation Variability Amplitude across Time Scales M. Ahn et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0542.1
- Pan-European climate at convection-permitting scale: a model intercomparison study S. Berthou et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-018-4114-6
- Different Representation of Mesoscale Convective Systems in Convection-Permitting and Convection-Parameterizing NWP Models and Its Implications for Large-Scale Forecast Evolution K. Peters et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10090503
- Role of Diurnal Cycle in the Maritime Continent Barrier Effect on MJO Propagation in an AGCM R. Ajayamohan et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-20-0112.1
- Evaluation of the Tail of the Probability Distribution of Daily and Subdaily Precipitation in CMIP6 Models J. Norris et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0182.1
- Convection-permitting climate simulations for South America with the Met Office Unified Model K. Halladay et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-023-06853-0
- A Pan-African Convection-Permitting Regional Climate Simulation with the Met Office Unified Model: CP4-Africa R. Stratton et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0503.1
- Relationships between subseasonal‐to‐seasonal predictability and spatial scales in tropical rainfall V. Moron & A. Robertson https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.7143
- Intraseasonal summer rainfall variability over China in the MetUM GA6 and GC2 configurations C. Stephan et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-3215-2018
- The importance of horizontal model resolution on simulated precipitation in Europe – from global to regional models G. Strandberg & P. Lind https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-2-181-2021
- Systematic and objective evaluation of Earth system models: PCMDI Metrics Package (PMP) version 3 J. Lee et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3919-2024
- Future precipitation projections for Brazil and tropical South America from a convection-permitting climate simulation R. Kahana et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2024.1419704
- Role of convection–circulation coupling in the propagation mechanism of the Madden–Julian Oscillation over the Maritime Continent in a climate model Y. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-021-06013-2
- Climate Models Permit Convection at Much Coarser Resolutions Than Previously Considered J. Vergara-Temprado et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0286.1
- Physical processes driving intensification of future precipitation in the mid- to high latitudes B. Poujol et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abdd5b
- Larger Future Intensification of Rainfall in the West African Sahel in a Convection‐Permitting Model S. Berthou et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL083544
- The Elo rating system as a new narrative for ranking climate models P. Monerie https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ae661c
- Convective Transition Statistics over Tropical Oceans for Climate Model Diagnostics: Observational Baseline Y. Kuo et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-17-0287.1
- Evaluation of Asian summer precipitation in different configurations of a high-resolution general circulation model in a range of decision-relevant spatial scales M. Muetzelfeldt et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6381-2021
- Evaluation of climate simulations produced with the Brazilian global atmospheric model version 1.2 C. Coelho et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-020-05508-8
- Contrasting contributions of surface hydrological pathways in convection permitting and parameterised climate simulations over Africa and their feedbacks on the atmosphere S. Folwell et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-022-06144-0
- UKESM1: Description and Evaluation of the U.K. Earth System Model A. Sellar et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001739
- Connecting spatial and temporal scales of tropical precipitation in observations and the MetUM-GA6 G. Martin et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-105-2017
- A perspective for advancing climate prediction services in Brazil C. Coelho et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/cli2.29
- Subhourly rainfall in a convection-permitting model E. Meredith et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab6787
- Assessing Two Approaches for Enhancing the Range of Simulated Scales in the E3SMv1 and the Impact on the Character of Hourly US Precipitation G. Kooperman et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL096717
- Improved MJO‐simulation in ECHAM6.3 by coupling a Stochastic Multicloud Model to the convection scheme K. Peters et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016MS000809
- Kilometer-scale modeling projects a tripling of Alaskan convective storms in future climate B. Poujol et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-020-05466-1
- Exploratory Precipitation Metrics: Spatiotemporal Characteristics, Process-Oriented, and Phenomena-Based L. Leung et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0590.1
- Climate change information over Fenno-Scandinavia produced with a convection-permitting climate model P. Lind et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-022-06589-3
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 16 Oct 2026
Short summary
Weather and climate models show large errors in the frequency, intensity and persistence of daily rainfall, particularly in the tropics. We introduce a set of diagnostics to reveal the spatial and temporal scales of precipitation in models and compare them to satellite observations to inform development efforts. Although models show similar errors in 3 h precipitation, at the time step and gridpoint level some produce coherent precipitation and others exhibit worrying quasi-random behavior.
Weather and climate models show large errors in the frequency, intensity and persistence of...
