Preprints
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2020-247
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2020-247
Submitted as: development and technical paper
 | 
13 Aug 2020
Submitted as: development and technical paper |  | 13 Aug 2020
Status: this preprint has been withdrawn by the authors.

Snowpack and firn densification in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) (version 1.2)

Adam M. Schneider, Charles S. Zender, and Stephen F. Price

Abstract. Earth's largest island, Greenland, and the Antarctic continent are both covered by massive ice sheets. A large fraction of their surfaces consist of multi-year snow, known as firn, which has undergone a process of densification since falling from the atmosphere. Until now this firn densification has not been fully accounted for in the U.S. Department of Energy's Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM). Here, we expand the E3SM Land Model (ELM) snowpack from 1 m to up to 60 m to enable more accurate simulation of snowpack evolution. We test four densification models in a series of century-scale land surface simulations forced by atmospheric re-analyses, and evaluate these parameterizations against empirical density-versus-depth data. To tailor candidate densification models for use across the ice sheets' dry-snow zones, we optimize parameters using a regularized least squares algorithm applied to two distinct stages of densification. We find that a dynamic implementation of a semi-empirical compaction model, originally calibrated to measurements from the Antarctic peninsula, gives results more consistent with ice core measurements from the cold, dry snow zones of Greenland and Antarctica, compared to when using the original ELM snow compaction physics. In its latest release, the Community Land Model (CLM) (version 5) provides updated snow compaction physics that we test in ELM, resulting in top 10 m firn densities that are in better agreement with observations than densities simulated with the semi-empirical model. Below 10 m, however, the semi-empirical model gives results that more closely match observations, while the current CLM(v5) compaction physics predict firn densities that increase too slowly with depth and are thus unable to simulate pore close off (a phenomenon of particular interest to paleoclimate studies). Because snow and firn density play roles in snowpack albedo, liquid water storage, and ice sheet surface mass balance, these improvements will contribute to broader E3SM efforts to simulate the response of land ice to atmospheric forcing and the resulting impacts on global sea level.

This preprint has been withdrawn.

Publisher's note: Copernicus Publications remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims made in the text, published maps, institutional affiliations, or any other geographical representation in this preprint. The responsibility to include appropriate place names lies with the authors.
Adam M. Schneider, Charles S. Zender, and Stephen F. Price

Interactive discussion

Status: closed
Status: closed
AC: Author comment | RC: Referee comment | SC: Short comment | EC: Editor comment
Printer-friendly Version - Printer-friendly version Supplement - Supplement

Interactive discussion

Status: closed
Status: closed
AC: Author comment | RC: Referee comment | SC: Short comment | EC: Editor comment
Printer-friendly Version - Printer-friendly version Supplement - Supplement
Adam M. Schneider, Charles S. Zender, and Stephen F. Price

Data sets

E3SM simulation results and associated python analysis scripts Adam M. Schneider https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3955319

Model code and software

amschne/E3SM: Optimized firn densification in ELM Edwards, J., Foucar, J., Mametjanov, A., Jacob, R., Taylor, M., Singhbalwinder, Sacks, B., Mvertens, Wolfe, J., Jayeshkrishna, Paul, K., Noel, Onguba, Fischer-Ncar, Hartnett, E., Deakin, M., Jacobsen, D., Shollenberger, J., Susburrows, Wilke, A., Bertini, A., Jqyin, Norman, M., Petersen, M., Thayer-Calder, K., Hillman, B. R., Sarich, J., Bradley, A. M., Hoffman, M., and Hannah, W. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3955331

Adam M. Schneider, Charles S. Zender, and Stephen F. Price

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This preprint has been withdrawn.

Short summary
We enhance the Energy Exascale Earth System Model's land component (ELM) to better represent multi-year snow (firn) on ice sheets. Our developments reveal ELM deficiencies regarding firn density, a fundamental property in glaciology. To improve firn density profiles, we fine tune ELM's snowpack parameters using statistical modeling. Our findings demonstrate how ELM can simulate both seasonal snow and firn on ice sheets and advance a broader effort to better predict sea level rise.