the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
InMAP: a new model for air pollution interventions
Abstract. Mechanistic air pollution models are essential tools in air quality management. Widespread use of such models is hindered, however, by the extensive expertise or computational resources needed to run most models. Here, we present InMAP (Intervention Model for Air Pollution), which offers an alternative to comprehensive air quality models for estimating the air pollution health impacts of emission reductions and other potential interventions. InMAP estimates annual-average changes in primary and secondary fine particle (PM2.5) concentrations – the air pollution outcome generally causing the largest monetized health damages – attributable to annual changes in precursor emissions. InMAP leverages pre-processed physical and chemical information from the output of a state-of-the-science chemical transport model (WRF-Chem) within an Eulerian modeling framework, to perform simulations that are several orders of magnitude less computationally intensive than comprehensive model simulations. InMAP uses a variable resolution grid that focuses on human exposures by employing higher spatial resolution in urban areas and lower spatial resolution in rural and remote locations and in the upper atmosphere; and by directly calculating steady-state, annual average concentrations. In comparisons run here, InMAP recreates WRF-Chem predictions of changes in total PM2.5 concentrations with population-weighted mean fractional error (MFE) and bias (MFB) < 10 % and population-weighted R2 ~ 0.99. Among individual PM2.5 species, the best predictive performance is for primary PM2.5 (MFE: 16 %; MFB: 13 %) and the worst predictive performance is for particulate nitrate (MFE: 119 %; MFB: 106 %). Potential uses of InMAP include studying exposure, health, and environmental justice impacts of potential shifts in emissions for annual-average PM2.5. Features planned for future model releases include a larger spatial domain, more temporal information, and the ability to predict ground-level ozone (O3) concentrations. The InMAP model source code and input data are freely available online.
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RC C3071: 'Review of Tessum et al.: Novel method, potentially interesting, requires further evaluation.', Anonymous Referee #1, 24 Nov 2015
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AC C3304: 'Reply', Christopher Tessum, 09 Dec 2015
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RC C3306: 'Derivation', Anonymous Referee #1, 09 Dec 2015
- AC C4006: 'Referee #1 Derivation: Author Response', Christopher Tessum, 13 Feb 2016
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RC C3306: 'Derivation', Anonymous Referee #1, 09 Dec 2015
- AC C3988: 'Referee #1 Comments: Author response', Christopher Tessum, 13 Feb 2016
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AC C3304: 'Reply', Christopher Tessum, 09 Dec 2015
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RC C3293: 'Large Numerical Diffusivity and asymptotically incorrect with FA=2', Anonymous Referee #1, 08 Dec 2015
- AC C4001: 'Referee #1 Supplemental Comments: Author Response', Christopher Tessum, 13 Feb 2016
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RC C3348: 'review of the manuscript "InMAP: a new model..."', Anonymous Referee #2, 15 Dec 2015
- AC C4008: 'Referee #2 Comments: Author response', Christopher Tessum, 13 Feb 2016
-
RC C3071: 'Review of Tessum et al.: Novel method, potentially interesting, requires further evaluation.', Anonymous Referee #1, 24 Nov 2015
-
AC C3304: 'Reply', Christopher Tessum, 09 Dec 2015
-
RC C3306: 'Derivation', Anonymous Referee #1, 09 Dec 2015
- AC C4006: 'Referee #1 Derivation: Author Response', Christopher Tessum, 13 Feb 2016
-
RC C3306: 'Derivation', Anonymous Referee #1, 09 Dec 2015
- AC C3988: 'Referee #1 Comments: Author response', Christopher Tessum, 13 Feb 2016
-
AC C3304: 'Reply', Christopher Tessum, 09 Dec 2015
-
RC C3293: 'Large Numerical Diffusivity and asymptotically incorrect with FA=2', Anonymous Referee #1, 08 Dec 2015
- AC C4001: 'Referee #1 Supplemental Comments: Author Response', Christopher Tessum, 13 Feb 2016
-
RC C3348: 'review of the manuscript "InMAP: a new model..."', Anonymous Referee #2, 15 Dec 2015
- AC C4008: 'Referee #2 Comments: Author response', Christopher Tessum, 13 Feb 2016
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Cited
4 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Air and Water: Integrated Assessment Models for Multiple Media D. Keiser & N. Muller 10.1146/annurev-resource-100516-053501
- Characterizing Aggregated Exposure to Primary Particulate Matter: Recommended Intake Fractions for Indoor and Outdoor Sources P. Fantke et al. 10.1021/acs.est.7b02589
- Inequality in air pollution mortality from power generation in India S. Sengupta et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/aca8bb
- Air quality, health, and equity impacts of vehicle electrification in India T. Peshin et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ad1c7a