Articles | Volume 9, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-4439-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-4439-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Model evaluation paper
| 
08 Dec 2016
Model evaluation paper |
| 08 Dec 2016
Advantages of using a fast urban boundary layer model as compared to a full mesoscale model to simulate the urban heat island of Barcelona
Markel García-Díez
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institut Català de Ciències del Clima, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Dirk Lauwaet
VITO, Antwerp, Belgium
Hans Hooyberghs
VITO, Antwerp, Belgium
Joan Ballester
Institut Català de Ciències del Clima, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Climate and Health Program, ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Koen De Ridder
VITO, Antwerp, Belgium
Xavier Rodó
Institut Català de Ciències del Clima, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Institució Catalana de Recerca i estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Climate and Health Program, ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Cited
27 citations as recorded by crossref.
- A new method for fine-scale assessments of the average urban Heat island over large areas and the effectiveness of nature-based solutions D. Lauwaet et al. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.3.e24880
- Prototypes for enhanced urban heat monitoring leveraging Copernicus services and satellite data Z. Mitraka et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44327-025-00059-1
- Early life cold and heat exposure impacts white matter development in children L. Granés et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-024-02027-w
- A New Method to Assess Fine-Scale Outdoor Thermal Comfort for Urban Agglomerations D. Lauwaet et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli8010006
- Assessing heat exposure to extreme temperatures in urban areas using the Local Climate Zone classification J. Gilabert et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-375-2021
- Effect of tree evapotranspiration and hydrological processes on urban microclimate in a tropical city: A WRF/SLUCM study X. Li & X. Liu https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2021.101009
- A toolchain to evaluate the impact of urban heat island and climate change on summer overheating at district level Y. Ma et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2023.101602
- Urban Heat Island and Future Climate Change—Implications for Delhi’s Heat R. Sharma et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-018-0322-y
- Modeling outdoor heat stress at meter-scale resolution: Validation of the UrbClim-HiREx framework I. Hellebosch et al. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000973
- Trends, topics, and lessons learnt from real case studies using mesoscale atmospheric models for urban climate applications in 2000–2019 Y. Kwok & E. Ng https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2021.100785
- High resolution heat stress over a Sahelian city: Present and future impact assessment and urban green effectiveness N. Souverijns et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8268
- High resolution modelling of the urban heat island of 100 European cities D. Lauwaet et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2024.101850
- Urban heat in Johannesburg and Ekurhuleni, South Africa: A meter-scale assessment and vulnerability analysis N. Souverijns et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2022.101331
- Determining the Climate Future Projection of Erzurum City with the UrbClim Model S. YILMAZ et al. https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.1256724
- Turbulence-permitting air pollution simulation for the Stuttgart metropolitan area T. Schwitalla et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4575-2021
- Combating heat stress through urban planning: Integrated case studies for Lisbon and Islamabad N. Souverijns et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2026.105621
- Ambient air temperature exposure and foetal size and growth in three European birth cohorts E. Essers et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.108619
- Spatial Variability of Heat-Related Mortality in Barcelona from 1992–2015: A Case Crossover Study Design V. Ingole et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072553
- Estimating daily air temperature and pollution in Catalonia: A comprehensive spatiotemporal modelling of multiple exposures C. Milà et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122501
- Cooling Potential of Urban Tree Species during Extreme Heat and Drought: A Thermal Remote Sensing Assessment H. Zandler & C. Samimi https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16122059
- Economic valuation of temperature-related mortality attributed to urban heat islands in European cities W. Huang et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-43135-z
- The urban climate of Ghent, Belgium: A case study combining a high-accuracy monitoring network with numerical simulations S. Caluwaerts et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2019.100565
- The Diurnal Cooling Effect of Green Space Structure on the Summer Urban Thermal Environment From a High-Resolution Perspective S. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2024.3491219
- Greening mitigates heat-related mortality in Paris H. Achebak et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42949-025-00334-5
- Applying urban climate model in prediction mode—evaluation of MUKLIMO_3 model performance for Austrian cities based on the summer period of 2019 B. Hollósi et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-021-03580-6
- Driving cities to transformative climate change actions: The climate-health risk management project (CHARISMA) in India B. Raju et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joclim.2025.100621
- The potential of local climate zones maps as a heat stress assessment tool, supported by simulated air temperature data M. Verdonck et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2018.06.004
27 citations as recorded by crossref.
- A new method for fine-scale assessments of the average urban Heat island over large areas and the effectiveness of nature-based solutions D. Lauwaet et al. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.3.e24880
- Prototypes for enhanced urban heat monitoring leveraging Copernicus services and satellite data Z. Mitraka et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44327-025-00059-1
- Early life cold and heat exposure impacts white matter development in children L. Granés et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-024-02027-w
- A New Method to Assess Fine-Scale Outdoor Thermal Comfort for Urban Agglomerations D. Lauwaet et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli8010006
- Assessing heat exposure to extreme temperatures in urban areas using the Local Climate Zone classification J. Gilabert et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-375-2021
- Effect of tree evapotranspiration and hydrological processes on urban microclimate in a tropical city: A WRF/SLUCM study X. Li & X. Liu https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2021.101009
- A toolchain to evaluate the impact of urban heat island and climate change on summer overheating at district level Y. Ma et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2023.101602
- Urban Heat Island and Future Climate Change—Implications for Delhi’s Heat R. Sharma et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-018-0322-y
- Modeling outdoor heat stress at meter-scale resolution: Validation of the UrbClim-HiREx framework I. Hellebosch et al. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000973
- Trends, topics, and lessons learnt from real case studies using mesoscale atmospheric models for urban climate applications in 2000–2019 Y. Kwok & E. Ng https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2021.100785
- High resolution heat stress over a Sahelian city: Present and future impact assessment and urban green effectiveness N. Souverijns et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8268
- High resolution modelling of the urban heat island of 100 European cities D. Lauwaet et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2024.101850
- Urban heat in Johannesburg and Ekurhuleni, South Africa: A meter-scale assessment and vulnerability analysis N. Souverijns et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2022.101331
- Determining the Climate Future Projection of Erzurum City with the UrbClim Model S. YILMAZ et al. https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.1256724
- Turbulence-permitting air pollution simulation for the Stuttgart metropolitan area T. Schwitalla et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4575-2021
- Combating heat stress through urban planning: Integrated case studies for Lisbon and Islamabad N. Souverijns et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2026.105621
- Ambient air temperature exposure and foetal size and growth in three European birth cohorts E. Essers et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.108619
- Spatial Variability of Heat-Related Mortality in Barcelona from 1992–2015: A Case Crossover Study Design V. Ingole et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072553
- Estimating daily air temperature and pollution in Catalonia: A comprehensive spatiotemporal modelling of multiple exposures C. Milà et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122501
- Cooling Potential of Urban Tree Species during Extreme Heat and Drought: A Thermal Remote Sensing Assessment H. Zandler & C. Samimi https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16122059
- Economic valuation of temperature-related mortality attributed to urban heat islands in European cities W. Huang et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-43135-z
- The urban climate of Ghent, Belgium: A case study combining a high-accuracy monitoring network with numerical simulations S. Caluwaerts et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2019.100565
- The Diurnal Cooling Effect of Green Space Structure on the Summer Urban Thermal Environment From a High-Resolution Perspective S. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2024.3491219
- Greening mitigates heat-related mortality in Paris H. Achebak et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42949-025-00334-5
- Applying urban climate model in prediction mode—evaluation of MUKLIMO_3 model performance for Austrian cities based on the summer period of 2019 B. Hollósi et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-021-03580-6
- Driving cities to transformative climate change actions: The climate-health risk management project (CHARISMA) in India B. Raju et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joclim.2025.100621
- The potential of local climate zones maps as a heat stress assessment tool, supported by simulated air temperature data M. Verdonck et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2018.06.004
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 28 Aug 2026
Short summary
Here we present a comparison between two approaches to modelling the influence of the city of Barcelona over the local temperature. We show that medium-complexity models such as UrbClim are well suited for impact and adaptation studies at a city scale without high computing requirements, but that they are sensitive to the
ability of the input data to represent the local wind regime.
Here we present a comparison between two approaches to modelling the influence of the city of...
