Observational operator for fair model evaluation with ground NO2 measurements
Li Fang,Jianbing Jin,Arjo Segers,Ke Li,Ji Xia,Wei Han,Baojie Li,Hai Xiang Lin,Lei Zhu,Song Liu,and Hong Liao
Li Fang
Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Shenzhen, China
Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
Song Liu
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
Viewed
Total article views: 1,757 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
HTML
PDF
XML
Total
Supplement
BibTeX
EndNote
1,311
373
73
1,757
157
89
176
HTML: 1,311
PDF: 373
XML: 73
Total: 1,757
Supplement: 157
BibTeX: 89
EndNote: 176
Views and downloads (calculated since 09 Feb 2024)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 09 Feb 2024)
Total article views: 979 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
HTML
PDF
XML
Total
Supplement
BibTeX
EndNote
837
115
27
979
57
45
97
HTML: 837
PDF: 115
XML: 27
Total: 979
Supplement: 57
BibTeX: 45
EndNote: 97
Views and downloads (calculated since 25 Nov 2024)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 25 Nov 2024)
Total article views: 778 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
HTML
PDF
XML
Total
Supplement
BibTeX
EndNote
474
258
46
778
100
44
79
HTML: 474
PDF: 258
XML: 46
Total: 778
Supplement: 100
BibTeX: 44
EndNote: 79
Views and downloads (calculated since 09 Feb 2024)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 09 Feb 2024)
Viewed (geographical distribution)
Total article views: 1,757 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 1,715 with geography defined
and 42 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 979 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 949 with geography defined
and 30 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 778 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 766 with geography defined
and 12 with unknown origin.
Model evaluations against ground observations are usually unfair. The former simulates mean status over coarse grids and the latter the surrounding atmosphere. To solve this, we proposed the new land-use-based representative (LUBR) operator that considers intra-grid variance. The LUBR operator is validated to provide insights that align with satellite measurements. The results highlight the importance of considering fine-scale urban–rural differences when comparing models and observation.
Model evaluations against ground observations are usually unfair. The former simulates mean...
