Articles | Volume 16, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-779-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-779-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Model evaluation paper
| 
31 Jan 2023
Model evaluation paper |
| 31 Jan 2023
| 31 Jan 2023
ICON-Sapphire: simulating the components of the Earth system and their interactions at kilometer and subkilometer scales
Cathy Hohenegger
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Peter Korn
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Leonidas Linardakis
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
René Redler
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Reiner Schnur
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Panagiotis Adamidis
Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum, Hamburg, Germany
Jiawei Bao
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Swantje Bastin
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Milad Behravesh
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Martin Bergemann
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum, Hamburg, Germany
Joachim Biercamp
Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum, Hamburg, Germany
Hendryk Bockelmann
Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum, Hamburg, Germany
Renate Brokopf
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Nils Brüggemann
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Institut für Meereskunde, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
Lucas Casaroli
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Fatemeh Chegini
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
George Datseris
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Monika Esch
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Geet George
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Marco Giorgetta
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Oliver Gutjahr
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Institut für Meereskunde, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
Helmuth Haak
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Moritz Hanke
Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum, Hamburg, Germany
Tatiana Ilyina
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Thomas Jahns
Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum, Hamburg, Germany
Johann Jungclaus
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Marcel Kern
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Daniel Klocke
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Lukas Kluft
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Tobias Kölling
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Luis Kornblueh
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Sergey Kosukhin
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Clarissa Kroll
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Junhong Lee
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Thorsten Mauritsen
Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
Carolin Mehlmann
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Theresa Mieslinger
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Ann Kristin Naumann
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
Laura Paccini
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Angel Peinado
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Divya Sri Praturi
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Dian Putrasahan
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Sebastian Rast
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Thomas Riddick
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Niklas Roeber
Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum, Hamburg, Germany
Hauke Schmidt
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Uwe Schulzweida
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Florian Schütte
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Hans Segura
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Radomyra Shevchenko
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Vikram Singh
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Mia Specht
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Claudia Christine Stephan
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Jin-Song von Storch
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
Raphaela Vogel
LMD/IPSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France
Christian Wengel
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Marius Winkler
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Florian Ziemen
Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum, Hamburg, Germany
Jochem Marotzke
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
Bjorn Stevens
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Viewed
Total article views: 7,936 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 21 Jul 2022)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5,784 | 2,064 | 88 | 7,936 | 210 | 110 |
- HTML: 5,784
- PDF: 2,064
- XML: 88
- Total: 7,936
- BibTeX: 210
- EndNote: 110
Total article views: 5,067 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 31 Jan 2023)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3,910 | 1,088 | 69 | 5,067 | 164 | 93 |
- HTML: 3,910
- PDF: 1,088
- XML: 69
- Total: 5,067
- BibTeX: 164
- EndNote: 93
Total article views: 2,869 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 21 Jul 2022)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1,874 | 976 | 19 | 2,869 | 46 | 17 |
- HTML: 1,874
- PDF: 976
- XML: 19
- Total: 2,869
- BibTeX: 46
- EndNote: 17
Viewed (geographical distribution)
Total article views: 7,936 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 7,576 with geography defined
and 360 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 5,067 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 4,913 with geography defined
and 154 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 2,869 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 2,663 with geography defined
and 206 with unknown origin.
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
Cited
35 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Accuracy and stability analysis of horizontal discretizations used in unstructured grid ocean models F. Rodrigues Lapolli et al. 10.1016/j.ocemod.2024.102335
- Effects of land surface model resolution on fluxes and soil state in the Arctic M. Schickhoff et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ad6019
- The June 2012 North American Derecho: A Testbed for Evaluating Regional and Global Climate Modeling Systems at Cloud‐Resolving Scales W. Liu et al. 10.1029/2022MS003358
- Interactions between atmospheric composition and climate change – progress in understanding and future opportunities from AerChemMIP, PDRMIP, and RFMIP S. Fiedler et al. 10.5194/gmd-17-2387-2024
- Opinion: Optimizing climate models with process knowledge, resolution, and artificial intelligence T. Schneider et al. 10.5194/acp-24-7041-2024
- Climate Change Response of Tropical Atlantic Clouds in a Kilometer‐Resolution Model C. Heim & C. Schär 10.1029/2023JD038947
- What if? Numerical weather prediction at the crossroads P. Bauer 10.1016/j.jemets.2024.100002
- Weaker land–atmosphere coupling in global storm-resolving simulation J. Lee & C. Hohenegger 10.1073/pnas.2314265121
- ESM data downscaling: a comparison of super-resolution deep learning models N. Pawar et al. 10.1007/s12145-024-01357-9
- Stratospheric Gravity Waves Impact on Infrasound Transmission Losses Across the International Monitoring System C. Listowski et al. 10.1007/s00024-024-03467-3
- Effects of vertical grid spacing on the climate simulated in the ICON-Sapphire global storm-resolving model H. Schmidt et al. 10.5194/gmd-17-1563-2024
- Identifying climate models based on their daily output using machine learning L. Brunner & S. Sippel 10.1017/eds.2023.23
- Investigating the sign of stratocumulus adjustments to aerosols in the ICON global storm-resolving model E. Fons et al. 10.5194/acp-24-8653-2024
- Theory and the future of land-climate science M. Byrne et al. 10.1038/s41561-024-01553-8
- Bringing it all together: science priorities for improved understanding of Earth system change and to support international climate policy C. Jones et al. 10.5194/esd-15-1319-2024
- From theory to RAPID AMOC observations: a personal voyage of discovery J. Marotzke 10.1098/rsta.2022.0192
- The impact of stratospheric aerosol heating on the frozen hydrometeor transport pathways in the tropical tropopause layer C. Kroll et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ad33d0
- RCEMIP-II: mock-Walker simulations as phase II of the radiative–convective equilibrium model intercomparison project A. Wing et al. 10.5194/gmd-17-6195-2024
- Diagnosing drivers of tropical precipitation biases in coupled climate model simulations M. Respati et al. 10.1007/s00382-024-07355-3
- Uncertainties in cloud-radiative heating within an idealized extratropical cyclone B. Keshtgar et al. 10.5194/acp-24-4751-2024
- Opinion: Recent developments and future directions in studying the mesosphere and lower thermosphere J. Plane et al. 10.5194/acp-23-13255-2023
- Escalating tropical cyclone precipitation extremes and landslide hazards in South China under global warming X. Shi et al. 10.1038/s41612-024-00654-w
- How Do the Tropics Precipitate? Daily Variations in Precipitation and Cloud Distribution H. SEGURA & C. HOHENEGGER 10.2151/jmsj.2024-028
- Earth system modeling on modular supercomputing architecture: coupled atmosphere–ocean simulations with ICON 2.6.6-rc A. Bishnoi et al. 10.5194/gmd-17-261-2024
- Leveraging regional mesh refinement to simulate future climate projections for California using the Simplified Convection-Permitting E3SM Atmosphere Model Version 0 J. Zhang et al. 10.5194/gmd-17-3687-2024
- Open-ocean tides simulated by ICON-O, version icon-2.6.6 J. von Storch et al. 10.5194/gmd-16-5179-2023
- Advancing Our Understanding of Eddy-driven Jet Stream Responses to Climate Change – A Roadmap A. Ossó et al. 10.1007/s40641-024-00199-3
- Wind Power Input to Ocean Near‐Inertial Waves Diagnosed From a 5‐km Global Coupled Atmosphere‐Ocean General Circulation Model J. von Storch & V. Lüschow 10.1029/2022JC019111
- Impact of Diurnal Warm Layers on Atmospheric Convection R. Shevchenko et al. 10.1029/2022JD038473
- The Sensitivity of Moisture Flux Partitioning in the Cold‐Point Tropopause to External Forcing C. Kroll et al. 10.1029/2022GL102262
- Improving scalability of Earth system models through coarse-grained component concurrency – a case study with the ICON v2.6.5 modelling system L. Linardakis et al. 10.5194/gmd-15-9157-2022
- Learning by Doing: Seasonal and Diurnal Features of Tropical Precipitation in a Global‐Coupled Storm‐Resolving Model H. Segura et al. 10.1029/2022GL101796
- Sources of Uncertainty in Mid‐Tropospheric Tropical Humidity in Global Storm‐Resolving Simulations T. Lang et al. 10.1029/2022MS003443
- Wind Power Input to Ocean Near‐Inertial Waves Diagnosed From a 5‐km Global Coupled Atmosphere‐Ocean General Circulation Model J. von Storch & V. Lüschow 10.1029/2022JC019111
- Recent global nonhydrostatic modeling approach without using a cumulus parameterization to understand the mechanisms underlying cloud changes due to global warming A. Noda et al. 10.1186/s40645-023-00583-x
29 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Accuracy and stability analysis of horizontal discretizations used in unstructured grid ocean models F. Rodrigues Lapolli et al. 10.1016/j.ocemod.2024.102335
- Effects of land surface model resolution on fluxes and soil state in the Arctic M. Schickhoff et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ad6019
- The June 2012 North American Derecho: A Testbed for Evaluating Regional and Global Climate Modeling Systems at Cloud‐Resolving Scales W. Liu et al. 10.1029/2022MS003358
- Interactions between atmospheric composition and climate change – progress in understanding and future opportunities from AerChemMIP, PDRMIP, and RFMIP S. Fiedler et al. 10.5194/gmd-17-2387-2024
- Opinion: Optimizing climate models with process knowledge, resolution, and artificial intelligence T. Schneider et al. 10.5194/acp-24-7041-2024
- Climate Change Response of Tropical Atlantic Clouds in a Kilometer‐Resolution Model C. Heim & C. Schär 10.1029/2023JD038947
- What if? Numerical weather prediction at the crossroads P. Bauer 10.1016/j.jemets.2024.100002
- Weaker land–atmosphere coupling in global storm-resolving simulation J. Lee & C. Hohenegger 10.1073/pnas.2314265121
- ESM data downscaling: a comparison of super-resolution deep learning models N. Pawar et al. 10.1007/s12145-024-01357-9
- Stratospheric Gravity Waves Impact on Infrasound Transmission Losses Across the International Monitoring System C. Listowski et al. 10.1007/s00024-024-03467-3
- Effects of vertical grid spacing on the climate simulated in the ICON-Sapphire global storm-resolving model H. Schmidt et al. 10.5194/gmd-17-1563-2024
- Identifying climate models based on their daily output using machine learning L. Brunner & S. Sippel 10.1017/eds.2023.23
- Investigating the sign of stratocumulus adjustments to aerosols in the ICON global storm-resolving model E. Fons et al. 10.5194/acp-24-8653-2024
- Theory and the future of land-climate science M. Byrne et al. 10.1038/s41561-024-01553-8
- Bringing it all together: science priorities for improved understanding of Earth system change and to support international climate policy C. Jones et al. 10.5194/esd-15-1319-2024
- From theory to RAPID AMOC observations: a personal voyage of discovery J. Marotzke 10.1098/rsta.2022.0192
- The impact of stratospheric aerosol heating on the frozen hydrometeor transport pathways in the tropical tropopause layer C. Kroll et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ad33d0
- RCEMIP-II: mock-Walker simulations as phase II of the radiative–convective equilibrium model intercomparison project A. Wing et al. 10.5194/gmd-17-6195-2024
- Diagnosing drivers of tropical precipitation biases in coupled climate model simulations M. Respati et al. 10.1007/s00382-024-07355-3
- Uncertainties in cloud-radiative heating within an idealized extratropical cyclone B. Keshtgar et al. 10.5194/acp-24-4751-2024
- Opinion: Recent developments and future directions in studying the mesosphere and lower thermosphere J. Plane et al. 10.5194/acp-23-13255-2023
- Escalating tropical cyclone precipitation extremes and landslide hazards in South China under global warming X. Shi et al. 10.1038/s41612-024-00654-w
- How Do the Tropics Precipitate? Daily Variations in Precipitation and Cloud Distribution H. SEGURA & C. HOHENEGGER 10.2151/jmsj.2024-028
- Earth system modeling on modular supercomputing architecture: coupled atmosphere–ocean simulations with ICON 2.6.6-rc A. Bishnoi et al. 10.5194/gmd-17-261-2024
- Leveraging regional mesh refinement to simulate future climate projections for California using the Simplified Convection-Permitting E3SM Atmosphere Model Version 0 J. Zhang et al. 10.5194/gmd-17-3687-2024
- Open-ocean tides simulated by ICON-O, version icon-2.6.6 J. von Storch et al. 10.5194/gmd-16-5179-2023
- Advancing Our Understanding of Eddy-driven Jet Stream Responses to Climate Change – A Roadmap A. Ossó et al. 10.1007/s40641-024-00199-3
- Wind Power Input to Ocean Near‐Inertial Waves Diagnosed From a 5‐km Global Coupled Atmosphere‐Ocean General Circulation Model J. von Storch & V. Lüschow 10.1029/2022JC019111
- Impact of Diurnal Warm Layers on Atmospheric Convection R. Shevchenko et al. 10.1029/2022JD038473
6 citations as recorded by crossref.
- The Sensitivity of Moisture Flux Partitioning in the Cold‐Point Tropopause to External Forcing C. Kroll et al. 10.1029/2022GL102262
- Improving scalability of Earth system models through coarse-grained component concurrency – a case study with the ICON v2.6.5 modelling system L. Linardakis et al. 10.5194/gmd-15-9157-2022
- Learning by Doing: Seasonal and Diurnal Features of Tropical Precipitation in a Global‐Coupled Storm‐Resolving Model H. Segura et al. 10.1029/2022GL101796
- Sources of Uncertainty in Mid‐Tropospheric Tropical Humidity in Global Storm‐Resolving Simulations T. Lang et al. 10.1029/2022MS003443
- Wind Power Input to Ocean Near‐Inertial Waves Diagnosed From a 5‐km Global Coupled Atmosphere‐Ocean General Circulation Model J. von Storch & V. Lüschow 10.1029/2022JC019111
- Recent global nonhydrostatic modeling approach without using a cumulus parameterization to understand the mechanisms underlying cloud changes due to global warming A. Noda et al. 10.1186/s40645-023-00583-x
Latest update: 12 Nov 2024
Short summary
Models of the Earth system used to understand climate and predict its change typically employ a grid spacing of about 100 km. Yet, many atmospheric and oceanic processes occur on much smaller scales. In this study, we present a new model configuration designed for the simulation of the components of the Earth system and their interactions at kilometer and smaller scales, allowing an explicit representation of the main drivers of the flow of energy and matter by solving the underlying equations.
Models of the Earth system used to understand climate and predict its change typically employ a...
