Articles | Volume 14, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-5637-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-5637-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
EC-Earth3-AerChem: a global climate model with interactive aerosols and atmospheric chemistry participating in CMIP6
Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, De Bilt, the Netherlands
Tommi Bergman
Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, De Bilt, the Netherlands
Climate System Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki,
Finland
Philippe Le Sager
Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, De Bilt, the Netherlands
Declan O'Donnell
Climate System Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki,
Finland
Risto Makkonen
Climate System Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki,
Finland
Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, Faculty of
Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
María Gonçalves-Ageitos
Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
Technical University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
Ralf Döscher
Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Norrköping,
Sweden
Uwe Fladrich
Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Norrköping,
Sweden
Jost von Hardenberg
Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research
Council, Turin, Italy
Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering,
Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
Jukka-Pekka Keskinen
Climate System Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki,
Finland
Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, Faculty of
Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Hannele Korhonen
Climate System Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki,
Finland
Anton Laakso
Atmospheric Research Centre of Eastern Finland, Finnish Meteorological
Institute, Kuopio, Finland
Stelios Myriokefalitakis
Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development,
National Observatory of Athens, Penteli, Greece
Pirkka Ollinaho
Climate System Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki,
Finland
Carlos Pérez García-Pando
Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
ICREA, Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies,
Barcelona, Spain
Thomas Reerink
Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, De Bilt, the Netherlands
Roland Schrödner
Centre for Environmental and Climate Research, Lund University, Lund,
Sweden
now at: Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig,
Germany
Klaus Wyser
Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Norrköping,
Sweden
Shuting Yang
Danish Meteorological Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
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76 citations as recorded by crossref.
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- Influence of stratosphere-troposphere exchange on long-term trends of surface ozone in CMIP6 Y. Li et al.
- Clear-Sky Direct Aerosol Radiative Forcing Uncertainty Associated with Aerosol Optical Properties Based on CMIP6 models L. Zhang et al.
- Subpolar North Atlantic cooling reinforced by colder, drier atmosphere with a weakening Atlantic meridional overturning circulation Y. Fan et al.
- Threefold reduction of modeled uncertainty in direct radiative effects over biomass burning regions by constraining absorbing aerosols Q. Zhong et al.
- Implementing detailed nucleation predictions in the Earth system model EC-Earth3.3.4: sulfuric acid–ammonia nucleation C. Svenhag et al.
- High-latitude vegetation changes will determine future plant volatile impacts on atmospheric organic aerosols J. Tang et al.
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- Towards seamless environmental prediction – development of Pan-Eurasian EXperiment (PEEX) modelling platform A. Mahura et al.
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- A novel approach to project future changes in meteorological factors affecting severe surface ozone over the Korean Peninsula under SSP scenarios D. Kim et al.
- The role of anthropogenic aerosols in the anomalous cooling from 1960 to 1990 in the CMIP6 Earth system models J. Zhang et al.
- Comparison of particle number size distribution trends in ground measurements and climate models V. Leinonen et al.
- Partitioning climate uncertainty in ecological projections: Pacific oysters in a hotter Europe R. Wilson et al.
- The impact of uncertainty in black carbon's refractive index on simulated optical depth and radiative forcing R. Digby et al.
- Future changes of global Annual and Seasonal Wind-Energy Production in CMIP6 projections considering air density variation G. Esnaola et al.
- Opinion: The strength of long-term comprehensive observations to meet multiple grand challenges in different environments and in the atmosphere M. Kulmala et al.
- Future climate-driven fires may boost ocean productivity in the iron-limited North Atlantic E. Bergas-Masso et al.
- How aerosol size matters in aerosol optical depth (AOD) assimilation and the optimization using the Ångström exponent J. Jin et al.
- Drivers of change in peak-season surface ozone concentrations and impacts on human health over the historical period (1850–2014) S. Turnock et al.
- Sensitivity of ground-level ozone to surface elevation in CMIP6: Role of stratosphere-troposphere exchange Y. Niu et al.
- Observed and CMIP6-model-simulated organic aerosol response to drought in the contiguous United States during summertime W. Li & Y. Wang
- Aerosol absorption in global models from AeroCom phase III M. Sand et al.
- Unusually low dust activity in North Africa in June 2023: Causes, impacts and future projections D. Francis et al.
- Features of mid- and high-latitude low-level clouds and their relation to strong aerosol effects in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 2 (E3SMv2) H. Wan et al.
- Boreal winter stratospheric climatology in EC-EARTH: CMIP6 version F. Palmeiro et al.
- Global fields of daily accumulation-mode particle number concentrations using in situ observations, reanalysis data, and machine learning A. Ovaska et al.
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- Severe rapid indian monsoon weakening due to emissions from extreme Canadian wildfires I. Roșu et al.
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- Introducing Volatile Organic Compound Model Intercomparison Project (VOCMIP) G. Myhre et al.
- Satellite-based evaluation of AeroCom model bias in biomass burning regions Q. Zhong et al.
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- Clear-Sky Direct Aerosol Radiative Forcing Uncertainty Associated with Aerosol Vertical Distribution Based on CMIP6 models L. Zhang et al.
- Decomposing the effective radiative forcing of anthropogenic aerosols based on CMIP6 Earth system models A. Kalisoras et al.
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- Climate change penalty and benefit on surface ozone: a global perspective based on CMIP6 earth system models P. Zanis et al.
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- Simulating dust emissions and secondary organic aerosol formation over northern Africa during the mid-Holocene Green Sahara period P. Zhou et al.
- Evaluation of native Earth system model output with ESMValTool v2.6.0 M. Schlund et al.
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- Strong intermodel differences and biases in CMIP6 simulations of PM2.5, aerosol optical depth, and precipitation over Africa C. Toolan et al.
- Air quality improvements are projected to weaken the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation through radiative forcing effects T. Hassan et al.
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- Implementation of primary and secondary ice production in EC-Earth3-AerChem: global impacts and insights M. Costa-Surós et al.
- Pre‐Industrial, Present and Future Atmospheric Soluble Iron Deposition and the Role of Aerosol Acidity and Oxalate Under CMIP6 Emissions E. Bergas‐Massó et al.
- The EC-Earth3 Earth system model for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 R. Döscher et al.
- Quantifying dust deposition over the Atlantic Ocean E. Proestakis et al.
- Dust radiative forcing in CMIP6 Earth System models: insights from the AerChemMIP piClim-2xdust experiment O. Haugvaldstad et al.
- Historical and future variation of soil organic carbon in China Z. Zhang et al.
- On the simulations of latent heat flux over the Indian Ocean in CMIP6 models S. Mohan & R. Ruchith
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 28 Apr 2026
Short summary
This paper documents the global climate model EC-Earth3-AerChem, one of the members of the EC-Earth3 family of models participating in CMIP6. We give an overview of the model and describe in detail how it differs from its predecessor and the other EC-Earth3 configurations. The model's performance is characterized using coupled simulations conducted for CMIP6. The model has an effective equilibrium climate sensitivity of 3.9 °C and a transient climate response of 2.1 °C.
This paper documents the global climate model EC-Earth3-AerChem, one of the members of the...