Articles | Volume 12, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-785-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-785-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Model description paper
| 
20 Feb 2019
Model description paper |
| 20 Feb 2019
| 20 Feb 2019
The Air-temperature Response to Green/blue-infrastructure Evaluation Tool (TARGET v1.0): an efficient and user-friendly model of city cooling
Ashley M. Broadbent
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
Urban Climate Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
Cooperative Research Centre for Water Sensitive Cities, Melbourne, Australia
Andrew M. Coutts
School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
Cooperative Research Centre for Water Sensitive Cities, Melbourne, Australia
Kerry A. Nice
School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
Cooperative Research Centre for Water Sensitive Cities, Melbourne, Australia
Transport, Health, and Urban Design Hub, Faculty of Architecture, Building, and Planning, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Matthias Demuzere
Ghent University, Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Management, Ghent, Belgium
KU Leuven, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Celestijnenlaan, Leuven, Belgium
E. Scott Krayenhoff
School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
Urban Climate Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
Nigel J. Tapper
School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
Cooperative Research Centre for Water Sensitive Cities, Melbourne, Australia
Hendrik Wouters
KU Leuven, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Celestijnenlaan, Leuven, Belgium
Ghent University, Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Management, Ghent, Belgium
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Cited
24 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Transforming Built Environments: Towards Carbon Neutral and Blue-Green Cities P. Newton & B. Rogers 10.3390/su12114745
- Improvements, extensions, and validation of the Urban Weather Generator (UWG) for performance-oriented neighborhood planning G. Xu et al. 10.1016/j.uclim.2022.101247
- Urban moisture and dry islands: spatiotemporal variation patterns and mechanisms of urban air humidity changes across the globe X. Huang & J. Song 10.1088/1748-9326/acf7d7
- A Transformation in City-Descriptive Input Data for Urban Climate Models M. Lipson et al. 10.3389/fenvs.2022.866398
- Investigating the efficacy of a fast urban climate model for spatial planning of green and blue spaces for heat mitigation J. Chen et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176925
- The Vertical City Weather Generator (VCWG v1.3.2) M. Moradi et al. 10.5194/gmd-14-961-2021
- Irrigating urban green space for cooling benefits: the mechanisms and management considerations P. Cheung et al. 10.1088/2752-5295/ac6e7c
- Studying the Effect of Blue-Green Infrastructure on Microclimate and Human Thermal Comfort in Melbourne’s Central Business District F. Balany et al. 10.3390/su14159057
- Using the dendro-climatological signal of urban trees as a measure of urbanization and urban heat island C. Schneider et al. 10.1007/s11252-021-01196-2
- Urban greenery and alternative water sources critically interconnect water supply, cooling, and drainage in urban precincts C. Swinbourne et al. 10.1016/j.uclim.2024.101812
- Present day and future urban cooling enabled by integrated water management K. Nice et al. 10.3389/frsc.2024.1337449
- Real-time sensing and low-cost experimental setup for water quantity investigation in Nature-based Solutions L. Gobatti et al. 10.2166/bgs.2022.007
- An urban ecohydrological model to quantify the effect of vegetation on urban climate and hydrology (UT&C v1.0) N. Meili et al. 10.5194/gmd-13-335-2020
- Blue Green Systems for urban heat mitigation: mechanisms, effectiveness and research directions N. Probst et al. 10.2166/bgs.2022.028
- A rapid fine-scale approach to modelling urban bioclimatic conditions Y. Back et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143732
- Progress on green infrastructure for urban cooling: Evaluating techniques, design strategies, and benefits A. Azmeer et al. 10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102077
- Vegetated roofs rainwater management experimental research in Brazil: A georeferenced exhaustive review of a continental-size country L. Gobatti & B. Leite 10.1016/j.clpl.2022.100013
- Are greenspaces too green? Landscape preferences and water use in urban parks C. Doll et al. 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2023.107896
- Integrating CFD-GIS modelling to refine urban heat and thermal comfort assessment Y. Back et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159729
- Cooling hot cities: a systematic and critical review of the numerical modelling literature E. Krayenhoff et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/abdcf1
- Strategic tree placement for urban cooling: A novel optimisation approach for desired microclimate outcomes A. Shaamala et al. 10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102084
- Modelling a ‘business case’ for blue-green infrastructure: lessons from the Water Sensitive Cities Toolkit K. Zhang et al. 10.2166/bgs.2020.018
- A method based on elitist genetic algorithm for calibrating the thermo-physical surface indicators: Its principles, validation and application to bioswales J. Qian et al. 10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.110436
- Compound environmental impact of urban mitigation strategies: Co-benefits, trade-offs, and unintended consequence Z. Wang 10.1016/j.scs.2021.103284
24 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Transforming Built Environments: Towards Carbon Neutral and Blue-Green Cities P. Newton & B. Rogers 10.3390/su12114745
- Improvements, extensions, and validation of the Urban Weather Generator (UWG) for performance-oriented neighborhood planning G. Xu et al. 10.1016/j.uclim.2022.101247
- Urban moisture and dry islands: spatiotemporal variation patterns and mechanisms of urban air humidity changes across the globe X. Huang & J. Song 10.1088/1748-9326/acf7d7
- A Transformation in City-Descriptive Input Data for Urban Climate Models M. Lipson et al. 10.3389/fenvs.2022.866398
- Investigating the efficacy of a fast urban climate model for spatial planning of green and blue spaces for heat mitigation J. Chen et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176925
- The Vertical City Weather Generator (VCWG v1.3.2) M. Moradi et al. 10.5194/gmd-14-961-2021
- Irrigating urban green space for cooling benefits: the mechanisms and management considerations P. Cheung et al. 10.1088/2752-5295/ac6e7c
- Studying the Effect of Blue-Green Infrastructure on Microclimate and Human Thermal Comfort in Melbourne’s Central Business District F. Balany et al. 10.3390/su14159057
- Using the dendro-climatological signal of urban trees as a measure of urbanization and urban heat island C. Schneider et al. 10.1007/s11252-021-01196-2
- Urban greenery and alternative water sources critically interconnect water supply, cooling, and drainage in urban precincts C. Swinbourne et al. 10.1016/j.uclim.2024.101812
- Present day and future urban cooling enabled by integrated water management K. Nice et al. 10.3389/frsc.2024.1337449
- Real-time sensing and low-cost experimental setup for water quantity investigation in Nature-based Solutions L. Gobatti et al. 10.2166/bgs.2022.007
- An urban ecohydrological model to quantify the effect of vegetation on urban climate and hydrology (UT&C v1.0) N. Meili et al. 10.5194/gmd-13-335-2020
- Blue Green Systems for urban heat mitigation: mechanisms, effectiveness and research directions N. Probst et al. 10.2166/bgs.2022.028
- A rapid fine-scale approach to modelling urban bioclimatic conditions Y. Back et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143732
- Progress on green infrastructure for urban cooling: Evaluating techniques, design strategies, and benefits A. Azmeer et al. 10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102077
- Vegetated roofs rainwater management experimental research in Brazil: A georeferenced exhaustive review of a continental-size country L. Gobatti & B. Leite 10.1016/j.clpl.2022.100013
- Are greenspaces too green? Landscape preferences and water use in urban parks C. Doll et al. 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2023.107896
- Integrating CFD-GIS modelling to refine urban heat and thermal comfort assessment Y. Back et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159729
- Cooling hot cities: a systematic and critical review of the numerical modelling literature E. Krayenhoff et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/abdcf1
- Strategic tree placement for urban cooling: A novel optimisation approach for desired microclimate outcomes A. Shaamala et al. 10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102084
- Modelling a ‘business case’ for blue-green infrastructure: lessons from the Water Sensitive Cities Toolkit K. Zhang et al. 10.2166/bgs.2020.018
- A method based on elitist genetic algorithm for calibrating the thermo-physical surface indicators: Its principles, validation and application to bioswales J. Qian et al. 10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.110436
- Compound environmental impact of urban mitigation strategies: Co-benefits, trade-offs, and unintended consequence Z. Wang 10.1016/j.scs.2021.103284
Discussed (final revised paper)
Latest update: 14 Dec 2024
Short summary
We present a simple model for assessing the cooling impacts of vegetation and water features (green and blue infrastructure) in urban environments. This model is designed to be computationally efficient so that those without technical knowledge or access to high-performance computers can use it. TARGET can be used to model average street-level air temperature at canyon to block scales (e.g. 100 m resolution). The model is carefully designed to provide reliable and accurate cooling estimates.
We present a simple model for assessing the cooling impacts of vegetation and water features...
