Articles | Volume 12, issue 10
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-4443-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-4443-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Development and technical paper
| 
24 Oct 2019
Development and technical paper |
| 24 Oct 2019
| 24 Oct 2019
Improving permafrost physics in the coupled Canadian Land Surface Scheme (v.3.6.2) and Canadian Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (v.2.1) (CLASS-CTEM)
Climate Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Victoria, B.C., Canada
Diana L. Verseghy
Formerly at Climate Research Division, Environment and Climate Change, Toronto, Canada
retired
Reinel Sospedra-Alfonso
Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis, Climate Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Victoria, B.C., Canada
Stephan Gruber
Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
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Cited
28 citations as recorded by crossref.
- What explains the year-to-year variation in growing season timing of boreal black spruce forests? M. El-Amine et al. 10.1016/j.agrformet.2022.109113
- Challenges in Hydrologic‐Land Surface Modeling of Permafrost Signatures—A Canadian Perspective M. Abdelhamed et al. 10.1029/2022MS003013
- Comparing assumptions and applications of dynamic vegetation models used in the Arctic-Boreal zone of Alaska and Canada E. Heffernan et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ad6619
- On the Discretization of Richards Equation in Canadian Land Surface Models M. MacKay et al. 10.1080/07055900.2022.2096558
- Water and heat coupling processes and its simulation in frozen soils: Current status and future research directions G. Hu et al. 10.1016/j.catena.2022.106844
- CLASSIC v1.0: the open-source community successor to the Canadian Land Surface Scheme (CLASS) and the Canadian Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (CTEM) – Part 1: Model framework and site-level performance J. Melton et al. 10.5194/gmd-13-2825-2020
- Evaluating the Performance of the Canadian Land Surface Scheme Including Biogeochemical Cycles (CLASSIC) Tailored to the Pan‐Canadian Domain S. Curasi et al. 10.1029/2022MS003480
- Ground ice, organic carbon and soluble cations in tundra permafrost soils and sediments near a Laurentide ice divide in the Slave Geological Province, Northwest Territories, Canada R. Subedi et al. 10.5194/tc-14-4341-2020
- Evaluation of soil thermal conductivity schemes incorporated into CLM5.0 in permafrost regions on the Tibetan Plateau S. Yang et al. 10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115330
- Can direct CMIP6 model simulations reproduce mean annual historical streamflow change? Q. Huang et al. 10.1016/j.catena.2023.107650
- A boreal forest model benchmarking dataset for North America: a case study with the Canadian Land Surface Scheme Including Biogeochemical Cycles (CLASSIC) B. Qu et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ace376
- Model improvement and future projection of permafrost processes in a global land surface model T. Yokohata et al. 10.1186/s40645-020-00380-w
- The Impact of Climate Forcing Biases and the Nitrogen Cycle on Land Carbon Balance Projections C. Seiler et al. 10.1029/2023MS003749
- Initialization of thermal models in cold and warm permafrost C. Ross et al. 10.1139/as-2021-0013
- Quantifying Overestimated Permafrost Extent Driven by Rock Glacier Inventory B. Cao et al. 10.1029/2021GL092476
- Hydrological Impact of the New ECMWF Multi-Layer Snow Scheme E. Zsoter et al. 10.3390/atmos13050727
- A prototype field-to-publication data system for a multi-variable permafrost observation network N. Brown et al. 10.1016/j.envsoft.2024.106006
- Simulating shrubs and their energy and carbon dioxide fluxes in Canada's Low Arctic with the Canadian Land Surface Scheme Including Biogeochemical Cycles (CLASSIC) G. Meyer et al. 10.5194/bg-18-3263-2021
- Parameterizations of Snow Cover, Snow Albedo and Snow Density in Land Surface Models: A Comparative Review W. Lee et al. 10.1007/s13143-023-00344-2
- The ERA5-Land soil temperature bias in permafrost regions B. Cao et al. 10.5194/tc-14-2581-2020
- What conditions favor the influence of seasonally frozen ground on hydrological partitioning? A systematic review P. Ala-Aho et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/abe82c
- Quantifying and Reducing Uncertainty in Global Carbon Cycle Predictions: Lessons and Perspectives From 15 Years of Data Assimilation Studies With the ORCHIDEE Terrestrial Biosphere Model N. MacBean et al. 10.1029/2021GB007177
- Brief communication: Improving ERA5-Land soil temperature in permafrost regions using an optimized multi-layer snow scheme B. Cao et al. 10.5194/tc-16-2701-2022
- Assessing the simulated soil hydrothermal regime of the active layer from the Noah-MP land surface model (v1.1) in the permafrost regions of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau X. Li et al. 10.5194/gmd-14-1753-2021
- Advances in modelling large river basins in cold regions with Modélisation Environmentale Communautaire—Surface and Hydrology (MESH), the Canadian hydrological land surface scheme H. Wheater et al. 10.1002/hyp.14557
- Hydrologic‐land surface modelling of the Canadian sporadic‐discontinuous permafrost: Initialization and uncertainty propagation M. Abdelhamed et al. 10.1002/hyp.14509
- tsp (“Teaspoon”): A library for ground temperature data N. Brown 10.21105/joss.04704
- Development of observation-based global multilayer soil moisture products for 1970 to 2016 Y. Wang et al. 10.5194/essd-13-4385-2021
28 citations as recorded by crossref.
- What explains the year-to-year variation in growing season timing of boreal black spruce forests? M. El-Amine et al. 10.1016/j.agrformet.2022.109113
- Challenges in Hydrologic‐Land Surface Modeling of Permafrost Signatures—A Canadian Perspective M. Abdelhamed et al. 10.1029/2022MS003013
- Comparing assumptions and applications of dynamic vegetation models used in the Arctic-Boreal zone of Alaska and Canada E. Heffernan et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ad6619
- On the Discretization of Richards Equation in Canadian Land Surface Models M. MacKay et al. 10.1080/07055900.2022.2096558
- Water and heat coupling processes and its simulation in frozen soils: Current status and future research directions G. Hu et al. 10.1016/j.catena.2022.106844
- CLASSIC v1.0: the open-source community successor to the Canadian Land Surface Scheme (CLASS) and the Canadian Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (CTEM) – Part 1: Model framework and site-level performance J. Melton et al. 10.5194/gmd-13-2825-2020
- Evaluating the Performance of the Canadian Land Surface Scheme Including Biogeochemical Cycles (CLASSIC) Tailored to the Pan‐Canadian Domain S. Curasi et al. 10.1029/2022MS003480
- Ground ice, organic carbon and soluble cations in tundra permafrost soils and sediments near a Laurentide ice divide in the Slave Geological Province, Northwest Territories, Canada R. Subedi et al. 10.5194/tc-14-4341-2020
- Evaluation of soil thermal conductivity schemes incorporated into CLM5.0 in permafrost regions on the Tibetan Plateau S. Yang et al. 10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115330
- Can direct CMIP6 model simulations reproduce mean annual historical streamflow change? Q. Huang et al. 10.1016/j.catena.2023.107650
- A boreal forest model benchmarking dataset for North America: a case study with the Canadian Land Surface Scheme Including Biogeochemical Cycles (CLASSIC) B. Qu et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ace376
- Model improvement and future projection of permafrost processes in a global land surface model T. Yokohata et al. 10.1186/s40645-020-00380-w
- The Impact of Climate Forcing Biases and the Nitrogen Cycle on Land Carbon Balance Projections C. Seiler et al. 10.1029/2023MS003749
- Initialization of thermal models in cold and warm permafrost C. Ross et al. 10.1139/as-2021-0013
- Quantifying Overestimated Permafrost Extent Driven by Rock Glacier Inventory B. Cao et al. 10.1029/2021GL092476
- Hydrological Impact of the New ECMWF Multi-Layer Snow Scheme E. Zsoter et al. 10.3390/atmos13050727
- A prototype field-to-publication data system for a multi-variable permafrost observation network N. Brown et al. 10.1016/j.envsoft.2024.106006
- Simulating shrubs and their energy and carbon dioxide fluxes in Canada's Low Arctic with the Canadian Land Surface Scheme Including Biogeochemical Cycles (CLASSIC) G. Meyer et al. 10.5194/bg-18-3263-2021
- Parameterizations of Snow Cover, Snow Albedo and Snow Density in Land Surface Models: A Comparative Review W. Lee et al. 10.1007/s13143-023-00344-2
- The ERA5-Land soil temperature bias in permafrost regions B. Cao et al. 10.5194/tc-14-2581-2020
- What conditions favor the influence of seasonally frozen ground on hydrological partitioning? A systematic review P. Ala-Aho et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/abe82c
- Quantifying and Reducing Uncertainty in Global Carbon Cycle Predictions: Lessons and Perspectives From 15 Years of Data Assimilation Studies With the ORCHIDEE Terrestrial Biosphere Model N. MacBean et al. 10.1029/2021GB007177
- Brief communication: Improving ERA5-Land soil temperature in permafrost regions using an optimized multi-layer snow scheme B. Cao et al. 10.5194/tc-16-2701-2022
- Assessing the simulated soil hydrothermal regime of the active layer from the Noah-MP land surface model (v1.1) in the permafrost regions of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau X. Li et al. 10.5194/gmd-14-1753-2021
- Advances in modelling large river basins in cold regions with Modélisation Environmentale Communautaire—Surface and Hydrology (MESH), the Canadian hydrological land surface scheme H. Wheater et al. 10.1002/hyp.14557
- Hydrologic‐land surface modelling of the Canadian sporadic‐discontinuous permafrost: Initialization and uncertainty propagation M. Abdelhamed et al. 10.1002/hyp.14509
- tsp (“Teaspoon”): A library for ground temperature data N. Brown 10.21105/joss.04704
- Development of observation-based global multilayer soil moisture products for 1970 to 2016 Y. Wang et al. 10.5194/essd-13-4385-2021
Latest update: 18 Jan 2025
Short summary
Soils in cold regions store large amounts of carbon that could be released to the atmosphere if the soils thaw. To best simulate these soils, we explored different configurations and parameterizations of the CLASS-CTEM model and compared to observations. The revised model with a deeper soil column, new soil depth dataset, and inclusion of moss simulated greatly improved annual thaw depths and ground temperatures. We estimate subgrid-scale features limit further improvements against observations.
Soils in cold regions store large amounts of carbon that could be released to the atmosphere if...
