Articles | Volume 11, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-2763-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-2763-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
SMRT: an active–passive microwave radiative transfer model for snow with multiple microstructure and scattering formulations (v1.0)
Ghislain Picard
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
UGA, CNRS, Institut des Géosciences de l'Environnement (IGE), UMR 5001, 38041 Grenoble, France
Melody Sandells
CORES Science and Engineering Limited, Burnopfield, UK
Henning Löwe
WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland
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Cited
98 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Global retrieval of harmonized microwave land surface emissivity leveraging multi-sensor measurements from GMI, AMSR2 and MWRIs J. Hu et al.
- Retrieval of snow and soil properties for forward radiative transfer modeling of airborne Ku-band SAR to estimate snow water equivalent: the Trail Valley Creek 2018/19 snow experiment B. Montpetit et al.
- Toward Snow Cover Estimation in Mountainous Areas Using Modern Data Assimilation Methods: A Review C. Largeron et al.
- Concurrent superimposed ice formation and meltwater runoff on Greenland’s ice slabs A. Tedstone et al.
- Joint estimation of sea ice and atmospheric state from microwave imagers in operational weather forecasting A. Geer
- Use of Sentinel-1 radar observations to evaluate snowmelt dynamics in alpine regions C. Marin et al.
- Tower-based C-band radar measurements of an alpine snowpack I. Brangers et al.
- Characterizing tundra snow sub-pixel variability to improve brightness temperature estimation in satellite SWE retrievals J. Meloche et al.
- Version 1 of a sea ice module for the physics-based, detailed, multi-layer SNOWPACK model N. Wever et al.
- A Comprehensive Emission Model for Layered Irregular and Inhomogeneous Medium D. Bai et al.
- Modeling the Microwave Emission of Snow on Arctic Sea Ice for Estimating the Uncertainty of Satellite Retrievals P. Rostosky et al.
- On the Relationship Between Stickiness in DMRT Theory and Physical Parameters of Snowpack: Theoretical Formulation and Experimental Validation With SNOWPACK Snow Model and X-Band SAR Data S. Pilia et al.
- Overview of the MOSAiC expedition: Snow and sea ice M. Nicolaus et al.
- 50 years of lake ice research from active microwave remote sensing: Progress and prospects J. Murfitt & C. Duguay
- A New Method to Simulate the Microwave Effective Snow Grain Size in the Northern Hemisphere Without Using Snow Depth Priors J. Yang et al.
- Satellite Microwave Radiometry for the Observation of Land Surfaces: A General Review C. Vittucci & M. Picchiani
- Application of GNSS Interferometric Reflectometry for the Estimation of Lake Ice Thickness Y. Ghiasi et al.
- Exploring the potential of forest snow modeling at the tree and snowpack layer scale G. Mazzotti et al.
- Penetration of interferometric radar signals in Antarctic snow H. Rott et al.
- Snow Water Equivalent from airborne Ku-band data: the Trail Valley Creek 2018/19 snow experiment B. Montpetit et al.
- Snow Depth Retrieval on Arctic Sea Ice From Passive Microwave Radiometers—Improvements and Extensions to Multiyear Ice Using Lower Frequencies P. Rostosky et al.
- Evaluating Snow Microwave Radiative Transfer (SMRT) model emissivities with 89 to 243 GHz observations of Arctic tundra snow K. Wivell et al.
- SPLITSnow: A spectral light transport model for snow P. Varsa et al.
- Presenting Snow Grain Size and Shape Distributions in Northern Canada Using a New Photographic Device Allowing 2D and 3D Representation of Snow Grains A. Langlois et al.
- Evaluation and Application of SMRT Model for L-Band Brightness Temperature Simulation in Arctic Sea Ice Y. Fan et al.
- Exploring the Utility of Machine Learning-Based Passive Microwave Brightness Temperature Data Assimilation over Terrestrial Snow in High Mountain Asia Y. Kwon et al.
- Coherent backscatter enhancement in bistatic Ku- and X-band radar observations of dry snow M. Stefko et al.
- Effect of snow microstructure variability on Ku-band radar snow water equivalent retrievals N. Rutter et al.
- Microwave spectra of the leading and trailing hemispheres of Iapetus L. Bonnefoy et al.
- Physical Interpretation of Microwave Emission From Snow-Covered Stratified Sea Ice With Rough Boundaries Y. Yang et al.
- Ice Sheet Surface and Subsurface Melt Water Discrimination Using Multi‐Frequency Microwave Radiometry A. Colliander et al.
- An Active–Passive Microwave Land Surface Database From GPM S. Munchak et al.
- Lake Ice Thickness Estimation Using Calibrated Enhanced-Resolution Passive Microwave Data L. Shi et al.
- Forward modelling of synthetic aperture radar backscatter from lake ice over Canadian Subarctic Lakes J. Murfitt et al.
- Remote Sensing of Surface Melt on Antarctica: Opportunities and Challenges S. Husman et al.
- On sea ice emission modeling for MOSAiC's L-band radiometric measurements F. Hernández-Macià et al.
- Considerations for Ku-Band Radar Retrieval of Snow Water Equivalent at Mid-Latitude Ontario Agricultural Sites A. Thompson & R. Kelly
- New Wideband Large Aperture Open-Ended Coaxial Microwave Probe for Soil Dielectric Characterization A. Gélinas et al.
- Validation of remotely sensed estimates of snow water equivalent using multiple reference datasets from the middle and high latitudes of China J. Yang et al.
- The Microwave Snow Grain Size: A New Concept to Predict Satellite Observations Over Snow‐Covered Regions G. Picard et al.
- Simulating snow properties and Ku-band backscatter across the forest-tundra ecotone G. Woolley et al.
- Enhancing simulations of snowpack properties in land surface models with the Soil, Vegetation and Snow scheme v2.0 (SVS2) V. Vionnet et al.
- PyRTlib: an educational Python-based library for non-scattering atmospheric microwave radiative transfer computations S. Larosa et al.
- Radar altimeter waveform simulations in Antarctica with the Snow Microwave Radiative Transfer Model (SMRT) F. Larue et al.
- Remote sensing of mountain snow from space: status and recommendations S. Gascoin et al.
- Using Artificial Neural Networks to Couple Satellite C-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry and Alpine3D Numerical Model for the Estimation of Snow Cover Extent, Height, and Density G. Palermo et al.
- Solving Challenges of Assimilating Microwave Remote Sensing Signatures With a Physical Model to Estimate Snow Water Equivalent I. Merkouriadi et al.
- Influence of Radiative Transfer Model-Based Atmospheric Correction and Dynamic Tie Points on Sea Ice Concentration Retrieval From Near-90 GHz Algorithm With FY-3D MWRI Data Y. Ye et al.
- Review of Snow Data Assimilation Methods for Hydrological, Land Surface, Meteorological and Climate Models: Results from a COST HarmoSnow Survey J. Helmert et al.
- A prototype passive microwave retrieval algorithm for tundra snow density J. Welch & R. Kelly
- Review article: Global monitoring of snow water equivalent using high-frequency radar remote sensing L. Tsang et al.
- The sensitivity of satellite microwave observations to liquid water in the Antarctic snowpack G. Picard et al.
- Quantifying Snow–Ground Backscatter Uncertainty: A Bayesian Approach Using Multifrequency SAR and In-Situ Observations A. Rai & A. Barros
- Radar-equivalent snowpack: reducing the number of snow layers while retaining their microwave properties and bulk snow mass J. Meloche et al.
- RSHub: A remote sensing hub for geophysical microwave scattering modeling Y. fang et al.
- Understanding Uncertainty of Snow Radiative Transfer Modeling Within a Mixed Deciduous and Evergreen Forest T. Letcher et al.
- Arctic and subarctic snow microstructure analysis for microwave brightness temperature simulations C. Vargel et al.
- X-Ray Tomography-Based Microstructure Representation in the Snow Microwave Radiative Transfer Model M. Sandells et al.
- Evaluation of Sub-Kilometric Numerical Simulations of C-Band Radar Backscatter over the French Alps against Sentinel-1 Observations G. Veyssière et al.
- Estimating the upper depth of subsurface water on the Greenland Ice Sheet using multi-frequency passive microwave remote sensing, radiative transfer modeling, and machine learning B. Vandecrux et al.
- Scale patterns of the Sentinel-1 SAR-based snow depth product compared with station measurements and airborne LiDAR observations J. Ying et al.
- Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity in Greenland Firn From the Synthesis of Satellite Radar Altimetry and Passive Microwave Measurements K. Scanlan et al.
- Influence of Surface Snow Properties on an 89-GHz Brightness Temperature Extreme Event at Dome Fuji, Antarctica C. Stefanini et al.
- Assessing sea ice microwave emissivity up to submillimeter waves from airborne and satellite observations N. Risse et al.
- Simulation of Arctic snow microwave emission in surface-sensitive atmosphere channels M. Sandells et al.
- Quantifying the influence of snow over sea ice morphology on L-band passive microwave satellite observations in the Southern Ocean L. Zhou et al.
- Remote Sensing and Modeling of the Cryosphere in High Mountain Asia: A Multidisciplinary Review Q. Ye et al.
- Comparison of Machine Learning-Based Snow Depth Estimates and Development of a New Operational Retrieval Algorithm over China J. Yang et al.
- Forward modelling of synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) backscatter during lake ice melt conditions using the Snow Microwave Radiative Transfer (SMRT) model J. Murfitt et al.
- Assessment of Machine Learning-Driven Retrievals of Arctic Sea Ice Thickness from L-Band Radiometry Remote Sensing F. Hernández-Macià et al.
- Brief communication: A continuous formulation of microwave scattering from fresh snow to bubbly ice from first principles G. Picard et al.
- Constrained Inversion of a Microwave Snowpack Emission Model Using Dictionary Matching: Applications for GPM Satellite A. Ebtehaj et al.
- A physics-based Antarctic melt detection technique: combining Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2, radiative-transfer modeling, and firn modeling M. Dattler et al.
- Machine learning of Antarctic firn density by combining radiometer and scatterometer remote-sensing data W. Li et al.
- Accelerating Numerical Electromagnetic Scattering Models for Snow Microwave Emission Using Machine Learning Surrogates X. Li & C. Xiong
- Active-passive microwave scattering in the Antarctica wind-glazed region: an analog for icy moons of Saturn L. Bonnefoy et al.
- Large Variability in Dominant Scattering From Sentinel-1 SAR in East Antarctica: Challenges and Opportunities S. Shukla et al.
- Sentinel-1 cross-polarization ratio as a proxy for surface mass balance across east Antarctic ice rises T. Kausch et al.
- Year-round sea ice and snow characterization from combined passive and active microwave observations and radiative transfer modeling C. Soriot et al.
- Multitemporal analysis of Sentinel-1 backscatter during snowmelt using high-resolution field measurements and radiative transfer modelling F. Carletti et al.
- Lake ice quality in a warming world J. Culpepper et al.
- COH-ML-SPM: A Coherent Multilayer Model for C-Band Radar Backscatter Simulation Over Snow-Covered First-Year Sea Ice Y. Song et al.
- Improvement of microwave emissivity parameterization of frozen Arctic soils using roughness measurements derived from photogrammetry J. Meloche et al.
- Retrieval of snow depth using synthetic aperture radar: past, current, and future Z. Li et al.
- Snow wetness retrieval for snowmelt monitoring using dualpolarization SAR data W. Ma et al.
- A casting method using contrast-enhanced diethylphthalate for micro-computed tomography of snow M. Lombardo et al.
- Forward modelling of passive microwave emissivities over snow-covered areas at continental scale I. de Gélis et al.
- Cloud liquid water path detectability and retrieval accuracy from airborne passive microwave observations over Arctic sea ice N. Risse et al.
- Emission Forward Modeling for Mountain Glacier With Basal Slope D. Bai et al.
- Full Winter Season Measurement of Snowpack Height and Backscattering Coefficient Using a 120-GHz Ultrawideband FMCW Radar V. Herráiz-López et al.
- Satellite and In Situ Observations for Advancing Global Earth Surface Modelling: A Review G. Balsamo et al.
- Derivation and Evaluation of a New Extinction Coefficient for Use With the n-HUT Snow Emission Model W. Maslanka et al.
- Improvement of Polar Snow Microwave Brightness Temperature Simulations for Dense Wind Slab and Large Grain J. Meloche et al.
- Forward simulation of thin ice backscatter mechanism in the Bohai Sea region based on the MSIB and SMRT coupling model Z. Wang et al.
- Low Cost and Compact FMCW 24 GHz Radar Applications for Snowpack and Ice Thickness Measurements P. Pomerleau et al.
- Ensemble-based snow depth data assimilation for a multi-layer snow scheme over the European Arctic Å. Bakketun et al.
- Reviews and syntheses: Recent advances in microwave remote sensing in support of terrestrial carbon cycle science in Arctic–boreal regions A. Mavrovic et al.
- Investigating the Effect of Lake Ice Properties on Multifrequency Backscatter Using the Snow Microwave Radiative Transfer Model J. Murfitt et al.
98 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Global retrieval of harmonized microwave land surface emissivity leveraging multi-sensor measurements from GMI, AMSR2 and MWRIs J. Hu et al.
- Retrieval of snow and soil properties for forward radiative transfer modeling of airborne Ku-band SAR to estimate snow water equivalent: the Trail Valley Creek 2018/19 snow experiment B. Montpetit et al.
- Toward Snow Cover Estimation in Mountainous Areas Using Modern Data Assimilation Methods: A Review C. Largeron et al.
- Concurrent superimposed ice formation and meltwater runoff on Greenland’s ice slabs A. Tedstone et al.
- Joint estimation of sea ice and atmospheric state from microwave imagers in operational weather forecasting A. Geer
- Use of Sentinel-1 radar observations to evaluate snowmelt dynamics in alpine regions C. Marin et al.
- Tower-based C-band radar measurements of an alpine snowpack I. Brangers et al.
- Characterizing tundra snow sub-pixel variability to improve brightness temperature estimation in satellite SWE retrievals J. Meloche et al.
- Version 1 of a sea ice module for the physics-based, detailed, multi-layer SNOWPACK model N. Wever et al.
- A Comprehensive Emission Model for Layered Irregular and Inhomogeneous Medium D. Bai et al.
- Modeling the Microwave Emission of Snow on Arctic Sea Ice for Estimating the Uncertainty of Satellite Retrievals P. Rostosky et al.
- On the Relationship Between Stickiness in DMRT Theory and Physical Parameters of Snowpack: Theoretical Formulation and Experimental Validation With SNOWPACK Snow Model and X-Band SAR Data S. Pilia et al.
- Overview of the MOSAiC expedition: Snow and sea ice M. Nicolaus et al.
- 50 years of lake ice research from active microwave remote sensing: Progress and prospects J. Murfitt & C. Duguay
- A New Method to Simulate the Microwave Effective Snow Grain Size in the Northern Hemisphere Without Using Snow Depth Priors J. Yang et al.
- Satellite Microwave Radiometry for the Observation of Land Surfaces: A General Review C. Vittucci & M. Picchiani
- Application of GNSS Interferometric Reflectometry for the Estimation of Lake Ice Thickness Y. Ghiasi et al.
- Exploring the potential of forest snow modeling at the tree and snowpack layer scale G. Mazzotti et al.
- Penetration of interferometric radar signals in Antarctic snow H. Rott et al.
- Snow Water Equivalent from airborne Ku-band data: the Trail Valley Creek 2018/19 snow experiment B. Montpetit et al.
- Snow Depth Retrieval on Arctic Sea Ice From Passive Microwave Radiometers—Improvements and Extensions to Multiyear Ice Using Lower Frequencies P. Rostosky et al.
- Evaluating Snow Microwave Radiative Transfer (SMRT) model emissivities with 89 to 243 GHz observations of Arctic tundra snow K. Wivell et al.
- SPLITSnow: A spectral light transport model for snow P. Varsa et al.
- Presenting Snow Grain Size and Shape Distributions in Northern Canada Using a New Photographic Device Allowing 2D and 3D Representation of Snow Grains A. Langlois et al.
- Evaluation and Application of SMRT Model for L-Band Brightness Temperature Simulation in Arctic Sea Ice Y. Fan et al.
- Exploring the Utility of Machine Learning-Based Passive Microwave Brightness Temperature Data Assimilation over Terrestrial Snow in High Mountain Asia Y. Kwon et al.
- Coherent backscatter enhancement in bistatic Ku- and X-band radar observations of dry snow M. Stefko et al.
- Effect of snow microstructure variability on Ku-band radar snow water equivalent retrievals N. Rutter et al.
- Microwave spectra of the leading and trailing hemispheres of Iapetus L. Bonnefoy et al.
- Physical Interpretation of Microwave Emission From Snow-Covered Stratified Sea Ice With Rough Boundaries Y. Yang et al.
- Ice Sheet Surface and Subsurface Melt Water Discrimination Using Multi‐Frequency Microwave Radiometry A. Colliander et al.
- An Active–Passive Microwave Land Surface Database From GPM S. Munchak et al.
- Lake Ice Thickness Estimation Using Calibrated Enhanced-Resolution Passive Microwave Data L. Shi et al.
- Forward modelling of synthetic aperture radar backscatter from lake ice over Canadian Subarctic Lakes J. Murfitt et al.
- Remote Sensing of Surface Melt on Antarctica: Opportunities and Challenges S. Husman et al.
- On sea ice emission modeling for MOSAiC's L-band radiometric measurements F. Hernández-Macià et al.
- Considerations for Ku-Band Radar Retrieval of Snow Water Equivalent at Mid-Latitude Ontario Agricultural Sites A. Thompson & R. Kelly
- New Wideband Large Aperture Open-Ended Coaxial Microwave Probe for Soil Dielectric Characterization A. Gélinas et al.
- Validation of remotely sensed estimates of snow water equivalent using multiple reference datasets from the middle and high latitudes of China J. Yang et al.
- The Microwave Snow Grain Size: A New Concept to Predict Satellite Observations Over Snow‐Covered Regions G. Picard et al.
- Simulating snow properties and Ku-band backscatter across the forest-tundra ecotone G. Woolley et al.
- Enhancing simulations of snowpack properties in land surface models with the Soil, Vegetation and Snow scheme v2.0 (SVS2) V. Vionnet et al.
- PyRTlib: an educational Python-based library for non-scattering atmospheric microwave radiative transfer computations S. Larosa et al.
- Radar altimeter waveform simulations in Antarctica with the Snow Microwave Radiative Transfer Model (SMRT) F. Larue et al.
- Remote sensing of mountain snow from space: status and recommendations S. Gascoin et al.
- Using Artificial Neural Networks to Couple Satellite C-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry and Alpine3D Numerical Model for the Estimation of Snow Cover Extent, Height, and Density G. Palermo et al.
- Solving Challenges of Assimilating Microwave Remote Sensing Signatures With a Physical Model to Estimate Snow Water Equivalent I. Merkouriadi et al.
- Influence of Radiative Transfer Model-Based Atmospheric Correction and Dynamic Tie Points on Sea Ice Concentration Retrieval From Near-90 GHz Algorithm With FY-3D MWRI Data Y. Ye et al.
- Review of Snow Data Assimilation Methods for Hydrological, Land Surface, Meteorological and Climate Models: Results from a COST HarmoSnow Survey J. Helmert et al.
- A prototype passive microwave retrieval algorithm for tundra snow density J. Welch & R. Kelly
- Review article: Global monitoring of snow water equivalent using high-frequency radar remote sensing L. Tsang et al.
- The sensitivity of satellite microwave observations to liquid water in the Antarctic snowpack G. Picard et al.
- Quantifying Snow–Ground Backscatter Uncertainty: A Bayesian Approach Using Multifrequency SAR and In-Situ Observations A. Rai & A. Barros
- Radar-equivalent snowpack: reducing the number of snow layers while retaining their microwave properties and bulk snow mass J. Meloche et al.
- RSHub: A remote sensing hub for geophysical microwave scattering modeling Y. fang et al.
- Understanding Uncertainty of Snow Radiative Transfer Modeling Within a Mixed Deciduous and Evergreen Forest T. Letcher et al.
- Arctic and subarctic snow microstructure analysis for microwave brightness temperature simulations C. Vargel et al.
- X-Ray Tomography-Based Microstructure Representation in the Snow Microwave Radiative Transfer Model M. Sandells et al.
- Evaluation of Sub-Kilometric Numerical Simulations of C-Band Radar Backscatter over the French Alps against Sentinel-1 Observations G. Veyssière et al.
- Estimating the upper depth of subsurface water on the Greenland Ice Sheet using multi-frequency passive microwave remote sensing, radiative transfer modeling, and machine learning B. Vandecrux et al.
- Scale patterns of the Sentinel-1 SAR-based snow depth product compared with station measurements and airborne LiDAR observations J. Ying et al.
- Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity in Greenland Firn From the Synthesis of Satellite Radar Altimetry and Passive Microwave Measurements K. Scanlan et al.
- Influence of Surface Snow Properties on an 89-GHz Brightness Temperature Extreme Event at Dome Fuji, Antarctica C. Stefanini et al.
- Assessing sea ice microwave emissivity up to submillimeter waves from airborne and satellite observations N. Risse et al.
- Simulation of Arctic snow microwave emission in surface-sensitive atmosphere channels M. Sandells et al.
- Quantifying the influence of snow over sea ice morphology on L-band passive microwave satellite observations in the Southern Ocean L. Zhou et al.
- Remote Sensing and Modeling of the Cryosphere in High Mountain Asia: A Multidisciplinary Review Q. Ye et al.
- Comparison of Machine Learning-Based Snow Depth Estimates and Development of a New Operational Retrieval Algorithm over China J. Yang et al.
- Forward modelling of synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) backscatter during lake ice melt conditions using the Snow Microwave Radiative Transfer (SMRT) model J. Murfitt et al.
- Assessment of Machine Learning-Driven Retrievals of Arctic Sea Ice Thickness from L-Band Radiometry Remote Sensing F. Hernández-Macià et al.
- Brief communication: A continuous formulation of microwave scattering from fresh snow to bubbly ice from first principles G. Picard et al.
- Constrained Inversion of a Microwave Snowpack Emission Model Using Dictionary Matching: Applications for GPM Satellite A. Ebtehaj et al.
- A physics-based Antarctic melt detection technique: combining Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2, radiative-transfer modeling, and firn modeling M. Dattler et al.
- Machine learning of Antarctic firn density by combining radiometer and scatterometer remote-sensing data W. Li et al.
- Accelerating Numerical Electromagnetic Scattering Models for Snow Microwave Emission Using Machine Learning Surrogates X. Li & C. Xiong
- Active-passive microwave scattering in the Antarctica wind-glazed region: an analog for icy moons of Saturn L. Bonnefoy et al.
- Large Variability in Dominant Scattering From Sentinel-1 SAR in East Antarctica: Challenges and Opportunities S. Shukla et al.
- Sentinel-1 cross-polarization ratio as a proxy for surface mass balance across east Antarctic ice rises T. Kausch et al.
- Year-round sea ice and snow characterization from combined passive and active microwave observations and radiative transfer modeling C. Soriot et al.
- Multitemporal analysis of Sentinel-1 backscatter during snowmelt using high-resolution field measurements and radiative transfer modelling F. Carletti et al.
- Lake ice quality in a warming world J. Culpepper et al.
- COH-ML-SPM: A Coherent Multilayer Model for C-Band Radar Backscatter Simulation Over Snow-Covered First-Year Sea Ice Y. Song et al.
- Improvement of microwave emissivity parameterization of frozen Arctic soils using roughness measurements derived from photogrammetry J. Meloche et al.
- Retrieval of snow depth using synthetic aperture radar: past, current, and future Z. Li et al.
- Snow wetness retrieval for snowmelt monitoring using dualpolarization SAR data W. Ma et al.
- A casting method using contrast-enhanced diethylphthalate for micro-computed tomography of snow M. Lombardo et al.
- Forward modelling of passive microwave emissivities over snow-covered areas at continental scale I. de Gélis et al.
- Cloud liquid water path detectability and retrieval accuracy from airborne passive microwave observations over Arctic sea ice N. Risse et al.
- Emission Forward Modeling for Mountain Glacier With Basal Slope D. Bai et al.
- Full Winter Season Measurement of Snowpack Height and Backscattering Coefficient Using a 120-GHz Ultrawideband FMCW Radar V. Herráiz-López et al.
- Satellite and In Situ Observations for Advancing Global Earth Surface Modelling: A Review G. Balsamo et al.
- Derivation and Evaluation of a New Extinction Coefficient for Use With the n-HUT Snow Emission Model W. Maslanka et al.
- Improvement of Polar Snow Microwave Brightness Temperature Simulations for Dense Wind Slab and Large Grain J. Meloche et al.
- Forward simulation of thin ice backscatter mechanism in the Bohai Sea region based on the MSIB and SMRT coupling model Z. Wang et al.
- Low Cost and Compact FMCW 24 GHz Radar Applications for Snowpack and Ice Thickness Measurements P. Pomerleau et al.
- Ensemble-based snow depth data assimilation for a multi-layer snow scheme over the European Arctic Å. Bakketun et al.
- Reviews and syntheses: Recent advances in microwave remote sensing in support of terrestrial carbon cycle science in Arctic–boreal regions A. Mavrovic et al.
- Investigating the Effect of Lake Ice Properties on Multifrequency Backscatter Using the Snow Microwave Radiative Transfer Model J. Murfitt et al.
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 16 May 2026
Short summary
The Snow Microwave Radiative Transfer (SMRT) is a novel model developed to calculate how microwaves are scattered and emitted by snow. The model is built from separate, interconnecting modules to make it easy to compare different aspects of the theory. SMRT is the first model to allow a choice of how to represent the microstructure of the snow, which is extremely important, and has been used to unite multiple previous studies. This model will ultimately be used to observe snow from space.
The Snow Microwave Radiative Transfer (SMRT) is a novel model developed to calculate how...