Articles | Volume 10, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-3359-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-3359-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Model description paper
| 
12 Sep 2017
Model description paper |
| 12 Sep 2017
The Sectional Stratospheric Sulfate Aerosol module (S3A-v1) within the LMDZ general circulation model: description and evaluation against stratospheric aerosol observations
Christoph Kleinschmitt
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute of Environmental Physics, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, CNRS/UPMC, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris CEDEX 05, France
Olivier Boucher
Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, CNRS/UPMC, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris CEDEX 05, France
Slimane Bekki
Laboratoire Atmosphères Milieux Observations Spatiales, Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, CNRS/UVSQ, 11 boulevard d'Alembert, 78280 Guyancourt, France
François Lott
Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, CNRS/ENS, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris CEDEX 05, France
Ulrich Platt
Institute of Environmental Physics, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Cited
19 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Interactive stratospheric aerosol models' response to different amounts and altitudes of SO2 injection during the 1991 Pinatubo eruption I. Quaglia et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-921-2023
- Idealized modeling of stratospheric aerosol injection deployment scenarios with two non-cooperative actors A. Määttänen et al. https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EA00022J
- Efficacy assessment of stratospheric aerosol scrubbing as a counter climate intervention strategy A. Jones et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-7589-2026
- Presentation and Evaluation of the IPSL‐CM6A‐LR Climate Model O. Boucher et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS002010
- Limitations of assuming internal mixing between different aerosol species: a case study with sulfate geoengineering simulations D. Visioni et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1739-2022
- Sensitivity of the radiative forcing by stratospheric sulfur geoengineering to the amount and strategy of the SO2injection studied with the LMDZ-S3A model C. Kleinschmitt et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-2769-2018
- Higher efficacy of SO2 and accumulation mode-H2SO4 stratospheric aerosol injection: insights from CESM2 and GEOS-Chem with advanced particle microphysics (APM) F. Yu et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ae3c38
- Implementation of the CMIP6 Forcing Data in the IPSL‐CM6A‐LR Model T. Lurton et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001940
- Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha′apai Volcano Impact Model Observation Comparison (HTHH-MOC) project: experiment protocol and model descriptions Y. Zhu et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-5487-2025
- Unknown Eruption Source Parameters Cause Large Uncertainty in Historical Volcanic Radiative Forcing Reconstructions L. Marshall et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD033578
- World Climate Research Programme lighthouse activity: an assessment of major research gaps in solar radiation modification research J. Haywood et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2025.1507479
- Exploring accumulation-mode H2SO4 versus SO2 stratospheric sulfate geoengineering in a sectional aerosol–chemistry–climate model S. Vattioni et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-4877-2019
- Improved tropospheric and stratospheric sulfur cycle in the aerosol–chemistry–climate model SOCOL-AERv2 A. Feinberg et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-3863-2019
- Stratospheric aerosol evolution after Pinatubo simulated with a coupled size-resolved aerosol–chemistry–climate model, SOCOL-AERv1.0 T. Sukhodolov et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-2633-2018
- Size-resolved process understanding of stratospheric sulfate aerosol following the Pinatubo eruption A. Hu et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-12137-2025
- Modelling stratospheric composition for the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service: multi-species evaluation of IFS-COMPO Cy49 S. Chabrillat et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-8973-2025
- Model physics and chemistry causing intermodel disagreement within the VolMIP-Tambora Interactive Stratospheric Aerosol ensemble M. Clyne et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3317-2021
- MIPAS observations of volcanic sulfate aerosol and sulfur dioxide in the stratosphere A. Günther et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1217-2018
- Quasi‐Additivity of the Radiative Effects of Marine Cloud Brightening and Stratospheric Sulfate Aerosol Injection O. Boucher et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL074647
19 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Interactive stratospheric aerosol models' response to different amounts and altitudes of SO2 injection during the 1991 Pinatubo eruption I. Quaglia et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-921-2023
- Idealized modeling of stratospheric aerosol injection deployment scenarios with two non-cooperative actors A. Määttänen et al. https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EA00022J
- Efficacy assessment of stratospheric aerosol scrubbing as a counter climate intervention strategy A. Jones et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-7589-2026
- Presentation and Evaluation of the IPSL‐CM6A‐LR Climate Model O. Boucher et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS002010
- Limitations of assuming internal mixing between different aerosol species: a case study with sulfate geoengineering simulations D. Visioni et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1739-2022
- Sensitivity of the radiative forcing by stratospheric sulfur geoengineering to the amount and strategy of the SO2injection studied with the LMDZ-S3A model C. Kleinschmitt et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-2769-2018
- Higher efficacy of SO2 and accumulation mode-H2SO4 stratospheric aerosol injection: insights from CESM2 and GEOS-Chem with advanced particle microphysics (APM) F. Yu et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ae3c38
- Implementation of the CMIP6 Forcing Data in the IPSL‐CM6A‐LR Model T. Lurton et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001940
- Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha′apai Volcano Impact Model Observation Comparison (HTHH-MOC) project: experiment protocol and model descriptions Y. Zhu et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-5487-2025
- Unknown Eruption Source Parameters Cause Large Uncertainty in Historical Volcanic Radiative Forcing Reconstructions L. Marshall et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD033578
- World Climate Research Programme lighthouse activity: an assessment of major research gaps in solar radiation modification research J. Haywood et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2025.1507479
- Exploring accumulation-mode H2SO4 versus SO2 stratospheric sulfate geoengineering in a sectional aerosol–chemistry–climate model S. Vattioni et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-4877-2019
- Improved tropospheric and stratospheric sulfur cycle in the aerosol–chemistry–climate model SOCOL-AERv2 A. Feinberg et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-3863-2019
- Stratospheric aerosol evolution after Pinatubo simulated with a coupled size-resolved aerosol–chemistry–climate model, SOCOL-AERv1.0 T. Sukhodolov et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-2633-2018
- Size-resolved process understanding of stratospheric sulfate aerosol following the Pinatubo eruption A. Hu et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-12137-2025
- Modelling stratospheric composition for the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service: multi-species evaluation of IFS-COMPO Cy49 S. Chabrillat et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-8973-2025
- Model physics and chemistry causing intermodel disagreement within the VolMIP-Tambora Interactive Stratospheric Aerosol ensemble M. Clyne et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3317-2021
- MIPAS observations of volcanic sulfate aerosol and sulfur dioxide in the stratosphere A. Günther et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1217-2018
- Quasi‐Additivity of the Radiative Effects of Marine Cloud Brightening and Stratospheric Sulfate Aerosol Injection O. Boucher et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL074647
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 23 Jun 2026
Short summary
Stratospheric aerosols play an important role in the climate system by affecting the Earth's radiative budget. In this article we present the newly developed LMDZ-S3A model and assess its performance against observations in periods of low and high aerosol loading. The model may serve as a tool to study the climate impacts of volcanic eruptions, as well as the deliberate injection of aerosols into the stratosphere, which has been proposed as a method of geoengineering to abate global warming.
Stratospheric aerosols play an important role in the climate system by affecting the Earth's...
