the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Submitted as: model description paper 31 Aug 2021
Submitted as: model description paper | 31 Aug 2021
A physically-based distributed karst hydrological model (QMG model-V1.0) for flood simulations
- 1Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Karst Environment, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- 2Karst Dynamic Laboratory, Ministry of Land and Resources, Guilin 541004, China
- 3College of Engineering Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Marine Renewable Energy 201306, China
- 4Chongqing municipal hydrological monitoring station, Chongqing 401120, China
- 1Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Karst Environment, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- 2Karst Dynamic Laboratory, Ministry of Land and Resources, Guilin 541004, China
- 3College of Engineering Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Marine Renewable Energy 201306, China
- 4Chongqing municipal hydrological monitoring station, Chongqing 401120, China
Abstract. Karst trough valleys are prone to flooding, primarily because of the unique hydrogeological features of karst landform, which are conducive to the spread of rapid runoff. Hydrological models that represent the complicated hydrological processes in karst regions are effective for predicting karst flooding, but their application has been hampered by their complex model structures and associated parameter set, especially so for distributed hydrological models, which require large amounts of hydrogeological data. Distributed hydrological models for predicting the Karst flooding is highly dependent on distributed structrues modeling, complicated boundary parameters setting, and tremendous hydrogeological data processing that is both time and computational power consuming. Proposed here is a distributed physically-based karst hydrological model, known as the QMG (Qingmuguan) model. The structural design of this model is relatively simple, and it is generally divided into surface and underground double-layered structures. The parameters that represent the structural functions of each layer have clear physical meanings, and the parameters are less than those of the current distributed models. This allows modeling in karst areas with only a small amount of necessary hydrogeological data. 18 flood processes across the karst underground river in the Qingmuguan karst trough valley are simulated by the QMG model, and the simulated values agree well with observations, for which the average value of Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient was 0.92. A sensitivity analysis shows that the infiltration coefficient, permeability coefficient, and rock porosity are the parameters that require the most attention in model calibration and optimization. The improved predictability of karst flooding by the proposed QMG model promotes a better mechanistic depicting of runoff generation and confluence in karst trough valleys.
Ji Li et al.
Status: open (extended)
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RC1: 'Comment on gmd-2021-120', Anonymous Referee #1, 20 Sep 2021
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The paper concerns a topic consistent with the aim of the GMD journal, and I really appreciate the huge work made by the authors. The presented analysis and model application could be potentially useful in karst basins. In this study, a karst hydrological model, i.e., the QMG model-V1.0 was developed for karst floods simulation and forecasting. The model itself is a valuable improvement, and what interested me was the applicability of the model in karst areas, so I went through the entire process of modeling and validating the model myself (https://zenodo.org/deposit?page=1&size=20), and the model simulation results were satisfactory. I think the subsequent research should focus on the validation study of the model in more karst areas to prove its general applicability in karst hydrological forecasting. However, there are few drawbacks affect the manuscript and have to be addressed before the paper can be published in GMD.
Specific comments
1) English needs modification
I found several incorrect words, grammar and unclear sentences, make it very difficult to understand the analysis carried out and the results obtained. The authors need to carefully correct the language errors in the whole text.
2) More information about the potential of this new model, ie.e., the QMG model-V1.0 for application in karst areas needs to be added in the Introduction part, especially the advantages and disadvantages compared to current numerical karst groundwater models.
3) In the Methodology part, the section 3.1 Hydrological model, this title is inappropriate here, as it obviously also includes the Parameter Optimization in Section 3.2 and Model Setting in 3.4. Suggest changing it to a model framework and algorithm.
4) In section 3.3 Uncertainty Analysis, it is not clear how to analyze uncertainty in input data and model structure for this new QMG model-V1.0.
Other minor comments
1) All tables should be set to three-line tables.
2) The right side of Figure 3 seems to be a photograph, please explain the necessity of its existence.
3) Each variable in Figure 5 needs to be clearly labeled as to which parameter it refers to.
4) The horizontal axis in Figure 7 represents the date, but the interval is not one-to-one with the marked time, please check that.
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AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Ji Li, 08 Oct 2021
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A point-by-point reply to the comments
Anonymous Referee #1, 20 Sep 2021
The paper concerns a topic consistent with the aim of the GMD journal, and I really appreciate the huge work made by the authors. The presented analysis and model application could be potentially useful in karst basins. In this study, a karst hydrological model, i.e., the QMG model-V1.0 was developed for karst floods simulation and forecasting. The model itself is a valuable improvement, and what interested me was the applicability of the model in karst areas, so I went through the entire process of modeling and validating the model myself (https://zenodo.org/deposit?page=1&size=20), and the model simulation results were satisfactory. I think the subsequent research should focus on the validation study of the model in more karst areas to prove its general applicability in karst hydrological forecasting. However, there are few drawbacks affect the manuscript and have to be addressed before the paper can be published in GMD.
Specific comments
1) English needs modification
I found several incorrect words, grammar and unclear sentences, make it very difficult to understand the analysis carried out and the results obtained. The authors need to carefully correct the language errors in the whole text.
2) More information about the potential of this new model, ie.e., the QMG model-V1.0 for application in karst areas needs to be added in the Introduction part, especially the advantages and disadvantages compared to current numerical karst groundwater models.
3) In the Methodology part, the section 3.1 Hydrological model, this title is inappropriate here, as it obviously also includes the Parameter Optimization in Section 3.2 and Model Setting in 3.4. Suggest changing it to a model framework and algorithm.
4) In section 3.3 Uncertainty Analysis, it is not clear how to analyze uncertainty in input data and model structure for this new QMG model-V1.0.
Other minor comments
1) All tables should be set to three-line tables.
2) The right side of Figure 3 seems to be a photograph, please explain the necessity of its existence.
3) Each variable in Figure 5 needs to be clearly labeled as to which parameter it refers to.
4) The horizontal axis in Figure 7 represents the date, but the interval is not one-to-one with the marked time, please check that.
General comment:
The paper concerns a topic consistent with the aim of the GMD journal, and I really appreciate the huge work made by the authors. The presented analysis and model application could be potentially useful in karst basins. In this study, a karst hydrological model, i.e., the QMG model-V1.0 was developed for karst floods simulation and forecasting. The model itself is a valuable improvement, and what interested me was the applicability of the model in karst areas, so I went through the entire process of modeling and validating the model myself (https://zenodo.org/deposit?page=1&size=20), and the model simulation results were satisfactory. I think the subsequent research should focus on the validation study of the model in more karst areas to prove its general applicability in karst hydrological forecasting. However, there are few drawbacks affect the manuscript and have to be addressed before the paper can be published in GMD.
Response:
We greatly appreciate the reviewer's comments. The reviewer confirmed the innovation and application value of this study and pointed out the potential of the model (QMG model-V1.0) proposed in karst areas, and suggested that subsequent studies should focus on applying this new model to more karst areas to test its general applicability in karst floods forecasting.
The next step of our research is indeed focused on model validation, for which we will build this model (QMG model-V1.0) for flood simulation and forecasting in more karst areas, and improve the model's functions and algorithms to provide its applicability and accuracy based on the application effects.
The following is our point-by-point response to specific comments.
Specific Comment
1) English needs modification
I found several incorrect words, grammar and unclear sentences, make it very difficult to understand the analysis carried out and the results obtained. The authors need to carefully correct the language errors in the whole text.
Response:
We have carefully revised the language errors in the full text, including incorrect words, grammar and unclear sentences, and asked a professional English editing company (Charlesworth Advanced ) to help fix the language problems in the manuscript.
2) More information about the potential of this new model, ie.e., the QMG model-V1.0 for application in karst areas needs to be added in the Introduction part, especially the advantages and disadvantages compared to current numerical karst groundwater models.
Response:
More information about the advantages of the QMG model-V1.0 compared with other karst groundwater models have been added in the revised Introduction (Lines 103-115).
3) In the Methodology part, the section 3.1 Hydrological model, this title is inappropriate here, as it obviously also includes the Parameter Optimization in Section 3.2 and Model Setting in 3.4. Suggest changing it to a model framework and algorithm.
Response:
This advice is very pertinent. The title of section 3.1 has been replaced by “Hydrological model framework and algorithms” accordingly (Lines 205).
4) In section 3.3 Uncertainty Analysis, it is not clear how to analyze uncertainty in input data and model structure for this new QMG model-V1.0.
Response:
Uncertainty Analysis of input data and model structure have been added in the revised section 3.3 (Lines 428-446).
Other minor comments
1) All tables should be set to three-line tables.
Response:
The tables have been seted to three-line tables accordingly (Lines 938-943).
2) The right side of Figure 3 seems to be a photograph, please explain the necessity of its existence.
Response:
It is a three-dimensional spatial model of KHRUs established in the laboratory to visually reflect the storage and movement of water in the karst water-bearing medium with each spatial anisotropy, and to provide technical support for the establishment of hydrological model. And this description has been added to the revised version (Lines 230-233).
3) Each variable in Figure 5 needs to be clearly labeled as to which parameter it refers to.
Response:
The model parameter referred to by each variable in Figure 5 has already clearly reflected in Table 1 (Lines 938).
4) The horizontal axis in Figure 7 represents the date, but the interval is not one-to-one with the marked time, please check that.
Response:
The horizontal axises in Figure 7 have been revised accordingly (Lines 965-977).
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AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Ji Li, 08 Oct 2021
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CC1: 'Comment on gmd-2021-120', Laurent Ailleres, 19 Oct 2021
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Dear Author,
Thanks for your contribution and an interesting paper. Although I am not providing a full review, this paper does not fit the special issue under which it appears: The Loop 3D stochastic geological modelling platform – development and applications
This is not a development nor an application of the Loop platform. Please remove your contribution from the Loop special issue.
Thank you and kind regards,
Laurent
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CC2: 'Reply on CC1', Ji Li, 25 Oct 2021
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Dear Laurent,
I am JI LI. Thank you for the information, I may have chosen the wrong special issue at the beginning of the submission, as you say, this is not a development nor an application of the Loop platform, but I would like to know that the manuscript is currently in the GMD open discussions stage and that the reviewers have given their comments and we have responded to them. In this case, how can I remove the manuscript information from this special issue? Does the removal mean that I have to resubmit the paper? Please let me know? Thanks.
JI LI
Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version)
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CC3: 'Reply on CC2', Laurent Ailleres, 26 Oct 2021
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Dear JI LI,
I would contact your EC (Editor) who should be able to address the problem. I do hope you do not have to re-submit.
Thank you and kind regards,
Laurent
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CC4: 'Reply on CC3', Ji Li, 26 Oct 2021
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Dear Laurent,
I am JI LI. Thank you very much for your timely reply to let me know this information. Of course, it would be best if I did not have to resubmit it. I hope so. Thank you very much for your kind help. Wish you all the best.
Thank you and kind regards,
JI LI
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CC4: 'Reply on CC3', Ji Li, 26 Oct 2021
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CC3: 'Reply on CC2', Laurent Ailleres, 26 Oct 2021
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CC2: 'Reply on CC1', Ji Li, 25 Oct 2021
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CC5: 'Comment on gmd-2021-120', Daan Stalenburg, 30 Oct 2021
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Dear authors,
This review was prepared as part of graduate program Earth & Environment (course Integrated Topics in Earth & Environment) at Wageningen University, and has been produced under supervision of dr Ryan Teuling. The review has been posted because of its potential usefulness to the authors and editor. Although it has the format of a regular review as was requested by the course, this review was not solicited by the journal, and should be seen as a regular comment. We leave it up to the author’s and editor which points will be addressed.
with kind regards,
Daan Stalenburg
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CC6: 'Reply on CC5', Ji Li, 30 Oct 2021
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Dear Stalenburg,
Thank you very much for your comments. Our article also belongs to the research category of the earth and the environment. Specifically, it belongs to the karst hydrological forecast in the field of geography. The karst groundwater model proposed in the article and its simulation of the flood process of underground rivers can provide key technology and method for flood control ,management, and mitigation in karst areas. At the same time, it can also provide reference for environmental issues such as the evaluation and protection of karst water resources, and has potential application reference value for you to study the environmental protection of the earth and the environment, especially in karst areas.
yours
JI LI
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CC6: 'Reply on CC5', Ji Li, 30 Oct 2021
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CC7: 'Comment on gmd-2021-120', Eva van Hofslot, 02 Nov 2021
reply
Dear Authors,
This review was prepared as part of graduate program Earth & Environment (course Integrated Topics in Earth & Environment) at Wageningen University, and has been produced under supervision of dr Ryan Teuling. The review has been posted because of its potential usefulness to the authors and editor. Although it has the format of a regular review as was requested by the course, this review was not solicited by the journal, and should be seen as a regular comment. We leave it up to the author’s and editor which points will be addressed.
Kind regards,
Eva van Hofslot
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CC8: 'Reply on CC7', Ji Li, 03 Nov 2021
reply
Dear Hofslot，
Thank you very much for your comments. And I received the same comment from your classmate Stalenburg two days ago. Here I send the same reply to you, and I hope you are satisfied with this response. Our article also belongs to the research category of the earth and the environment. Specifically, it belongs to the karst hydrological forecast in the field of geography. The karst groundwater model proposed in the article and its simulation of the flood process of underground rivers can provide key technology and method for flood control ,management, and mitigation in karst areas. At the same time, it can also provide reference for environmental issues such as the evaluation and protection of karst water resources, and has potential application reference value for you to study the environmental protection of the earth and the environment, especially in karst areas.
yours
JI LI
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CC8: 'Reply on CC7', Ji Li, 03 Nov 2021
reply
Ji Li et al.
Ji Li et al.
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