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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">GMDD</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Geoscientific Model Development Discussions</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">GMDD</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1991-962X</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/gmd-2018-107</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Bias correction of multi-ensemble simulations from the HAPPI model intercomparison project</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Saeed</surname>
<given-names>Fahad</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1899-9118</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Bethke</surname>
<given-names>Ingo</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6836-9838</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Lange</surname>
<given-names>Stefan</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2102-8873</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Lierhammer</surname>
<given-names>Ludwig</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Shiogama</surname>
<given-names>Hideo</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
<sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Stone</surname>
<given-names>Dáithí A.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2518-100X</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
<sup>7</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Trautmann</surname>
<given-names>Tim</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8652-6836</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
<sup>8</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Schleussner</surname>
<given-names>Carl-Friedrich</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8471-848X</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">
<sup>9</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Climate Analytics, Berlin, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Center of Excellence for Climate Change Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Uni Research Climate, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>5</label>
<addr-line>Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum, Hamburg, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff6">
<label>6</label>
<addr-line>Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff7">
<label>7</label>
<addr-line>Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California , USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff8">
<label>8</label>
<addr-line>Institute of Physical Geography, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60054, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff9">
<label>9</label>
<addr-line>IRITHESys, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>25</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2018</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>23</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2018 Fahad Saeed et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2018</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://gmd.copernicus.org/preprints/gmd-2018-107/">This article is available from https://gmd.copernicus.org/preprints/gmd-2018-107/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://gmd.copernicus.org/preprints/gmd-2018-107/gmd-2018-107.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://gmd.copernicus.org/preprints/gmd-2018-107/gmd-2018-107.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Prior to using climate data as input for sectoral impact models, statistical bias correction is commonly applied to correct climate model data for systematic deviations. Different approaches have been adopted for this purpose, however the most common are those based on the transfer functions, generated to map the distribution of the simulated historical data to that of the observations. Here, we present results of a novel bias correction method, developed for Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project Phase 2b (ISIMIP2b) and applied to outputs of different GCMs generated within the HAPPI (Half A degree Additional warming, Projections, Prognosis and Impacts) project. We have employed various analysis measures including mean seasonal differences, ensemble variability, annual cycles, extreme indices as well as a global hydrological model to assess the performance of ISIMIP2b bias correction technique. The results indicate substantial improvements after the application of bias correction when compared against observational data. Moreover, the extreme indices as well as output of global hydrological model also reveal a marked improvement. At the same time, the ensemble spread of the original data is preserved after the application of bias correction. We find that the bias corrected HAPPI data can provide a reliable basis for sectoral climate impact projections.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="23"/></counts>
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