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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">GMDD</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Geoscientific Model Development Discussions</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">GMDD</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1991-962X</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/gmd-2015-273</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>ClimateLearn: A machine-learning approach for climate prediction using network measures</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Feng</surname>
<given-names>Qing Yi</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Vasile</surname>
<given-names>Ruggero</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Segond</surname>
<given-names>Marc</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Gozolchiani</surname>
<given-names>Avi</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wang</surname>
<given-names>Yang</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Abel</surname>
<given-names>Markus</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Havlin</surname>
<given-names>Shilomo</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Bunde</surname>
<given-names>Armin</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
<sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Dijkstra</surname>
<given-names>Henk A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Institute for Marine and Atmospheric research Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>UP Transfer, Potsdam, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Ambrosys, Potsdam, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>European Centre for Soft Computing, Mieres, Spain</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>5</label>
<addr-line>Bar-Ilan University, Isreal</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff6">
<label>6</label>
<addr-line>University of Giessen, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source></funding-source>
<award-id>the LINC project (no. 289447)</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>11</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2016</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>18</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2016 Qing Yi Feng et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://gmd.copernicus.org/preprints/gmd-2015-273/">This article is available from https://gmd.copernicus.org/preprints/gmd-2015-273/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://gmd.copernicus.org/preprints/gmd-2015-273/gmd-2015-273.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://gmd.copernicus.org/preprints/gmd-2015-273/gmd-2015-273.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>We present the toolbox ClimateLearn to tackle problems in climate prediction using machine learning techniques and climate network analysis. The package allows basic operations of data mining, i.e. reading, merging, and cleaning data, and running machine learning algorithms such as multilayer artificial neural networks and symbolic regression with genetic programming. Because spatial temporal information on climate variability can be efficiently represented by complex network measures, such data are considered here as input to the machine-learning algorithms. As an example, the toolbox is applied to the prediction of the occurrence and the development of El Niño in the equatorial Pacific, first concentrating on the occurrence of El Niño events one year ahead and second on the evolution of sea surface temperature anomalies with a lead time of three months.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="18"/></counts>
</article-meta>
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