<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/nlm-dtd/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">GMD</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Geoscientific Model Development</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">GMD</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Geosci. Model Dev.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1991-9603</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/gmd-7-1507-2014</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>CranSLIK v1.0: stochastic prediction of oil spill transport and fate using approximation methods</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Snow</surname>
<given-names>B. J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Moulitsas</surname>
<given-names>I.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Kolios</surname>
<given-names>A. J.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6711-641X</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>De Dominicis</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Bologna, Italy</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>now at: Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>22</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>7</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>1507</fpage>
<lpage>1516</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2014 B. J. Snow et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2014</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/7/1507/2014/gmd-7-1507-2014.html">This article is available from https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/7/1507/2014/gmd-7-1507-2014.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/7/1507/2014/gmd-7-1507-2014.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/7/1507/2014/gmd-7-1507-2014.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>This paper investigates the development of a model, called CranSLIK,
  to predict the transport and transformations of a point mass oil
  spill via a stochastic approach. Initially the various effects on
  destination are considered and key parameters are chosen
  which are expected to dominate the displacement. The variables
  considered are: wind velocity, surface water velocity, spill size,
  and spill age. For a point mass oil spill, it is found that the
  centre of mass can be determined by the wind and current data only,
  and the spill size and age can then be used to reconstruct the
  surface of the spill. These variables are sampled and simulations
  are performed using an open-source Lagrangian approach-based code,
  MEDSLIK II. Regression modelling is applied to create two sets of
  polynomials: one for the centre of mass, and one for the spill size.
  Simulations performed for a real oil spill case show that a minimum of approximately 80% of the oil is captured by CranSLIK. Finally, Monte Carlo simulation is implemented to
  allow for consideration of the most likely destination for the oil
  spill, when the distributions for the oceanographic conditions are
  known.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="10"/></counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body/>
<back>
<ref-list>
<title>References</title>
<ref id="ref1">
<label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Coppini, G., De Dominicis, M., Zodiatis, G., Lardner, R., Pinardi, N., Santoleri, R., Colella, S., Bignami, F., Hayes, D. R., Soloviev, D., Georgiou, G., and Kallos, G.: Hindcast of oil-spill pollution during the Lebanon crisis in the Eastern Mediterranean, July–August 2006, Marine Pollut. Bull., 62, 140–153, 2011.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref2">
<label>2</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">De Dominicis, M., Pinardi, N., Zodiatis, G., and Archetti, R.: MEDSLIK-II, a Lagrangian marine surface oil spill model for short-term forecasting – Part 2: Numerical simulations and validations, Geosci. Model Dev., 6, 1871–1888, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-1871-2013&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-1871-2013&lt;/a&gt;, 2013a.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref3">
<label>3</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">De Dominicis, M., Pinardi, N., Zodiatis, G., and Lardner, R.: MEDSLIK-II, a Lagrangian marine surface oil spill model for short-term forecasting – Part 1: Theory, Geosci. Model Dev., 6, 1851–1869, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-1851-2013&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-1851-2013&lt;/a&gt;, 2013b.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref4">
<label>4</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">de Prada Gil, M., Gomis-Bellmunt, O., Sumper, A., and Bergas-Jane, J.: Power Generation efficiency analysis of offshore wind farms connected to SLPC (simgle large power converter) operated with variable frequencies considering wake effects, Energy, 37, 455–468, 2012.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref5">
<label>5</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Dobricic, S. and Pinardi, N.: An oceanographic three-dimensional variational data assimilation scheme, Ocean Model., 22, 89–105, 2008.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref6">
<label>6</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Etkin, D. S.: Analysis of oil spill trends in the United States and worldwide, in: International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings, 1291–1300, 2001.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref7">
<label>7</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Graham, B., Reilly, W. K., Beinecke, F., Boesch, D. F., Garcia, T. D., Murray, C. A., and Ulmer, F.: Deep Water: The Gulf Oil Disaster and the Future of Offshore Drilling: Report to the President, United States Government Printing Office, 2011.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref8">
<label>8</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">ITOPF: Weathering Process, Online, available at: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.itopf.com/marine-spills/fate/weathering-process/&quot;&gt;http://www.itopf.com/marine-spills/fate/weathering-process/&lt;/a&gt;, last access: 13 May 2013.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref9">
<label>9</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Li, W., Pang, Y., Lin, J., and Liang, X.: Computational Modelling of Submarine Oil Spill with Current and Wave by FLUENT, Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Eng. Technol., 5, 5077–5082, 2013.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref10">
<label>10</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Mackay, D. and McAuliffe, C. D.: Fate of hydrocarbons discharged at sea, Oil Chemical Pollut., 5, 1–20, 1989.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref11">
<label>11</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">MATLAB®: version 7.12.0.635 (R2011a), The MathWorks Inc., Natick, Massachusetts, 2011.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref12">
<label>12</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">McGenity, T., Folwell, B., McKew, B., and Gbemisola, S.: Marine crude-oil biodegradation: a central role for interspecies interactions, Aquatic Biosystems, 8, 1–19, 2012.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref13">
<label>13</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">MEDESS-4MS: Weathering Process, Online, available at: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.medess4ms.eu/marine-pollution&quot;&gt;http://www.medess4ms.eu/marine-pollution&lt;/a&gt;, last access: 13 May 2013.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref14">
<label>14</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Morgan, E. C., Lackner, M., Vogel, R. M., and Baise, L. G.: Probability distributions for offshore wind speeds, Energy Conserv. Manage., 52, 15–26, 2011.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref15">
<label>15</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Myers, R. H., Montgomery, D. C., and Anderson-Cook, C. M.: Response Surface Methodology, John Wiley and Sons, 3rd Edn., 2009.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref16">
<label>16</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Oddo, P., Adani, M., Pinardi, N., Fratianni, C., Tonani, M., and Pettenuzzo, D.: A nested Atlantic-Mediterranean Sea general circulation model for operational forecasting, Ocean Sci., 5, 461–473, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-5-461-2009&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.5194/os-5-461-2009&lt;/a&gt;, 2009.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref17">
<label>17</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Pinardi, N. and Coppini, G.: Preface &quot;Operational oceanography in the Mediterranean Sea: the second stage of development&quot;, Ocean Sci., 6, 263–267, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-6-263-2010&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.5194/os-6-263-2010&lt;/a&gt;, 2010.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref18">
<label>18</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Pinardi, N., Allen, I., Demirov, E., De Mey, P., Korres, G., Lascaratos, A., Le Traon, P.-Y., Maillard, C., Manzella, G., and Tziavos, C.: The Mediterranean ocean forecasting system: first phase of implementation (1998–2001), Ann. Geophys., 21, 3–20, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-21-3-2003&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-21-3-2003&lt;/a&gt;, 2003.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref19">
<label>19</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Reed, M., Øistein Johansen, Brandvik, P. J., Daling, P., Lewis, A., Fiocco, R., Mackay, D., and Prentki, R.: Oil Spill Modeling towards the Close of the 20th Century: Overview of the State of the Art, Spill Sci. Technol. Bull., 5, 3–16, 1999.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref20">
<label>20</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Tonani, M., Pinardi, N., Dobricic, S., Pujol, I., and Fratianni, C.: A high-resolution free-surface model of the Mediterranean Sea, Ocean Sci., 4, 1–14, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-4-1-2008&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.5194/os-4-1-2008&lt;/a&gt;, 2008.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>